COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 13, Problem 36QAP
To determine
The amount of time for a sound wave to travel directly through Earth from one point on the surface to another along a diameter.
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Sound is detected when a sound wave causes the tympanic membrane (the ear drum) to vibrate. Typically, the diameter of this membrane is about 8.4 mm in humans. A) how much energy is delivered to the eardrum each second when someone whispers (20 dB) into your ear? B) to comprehend how sensitive the ear is to very small amounts of energy, calculate how fast a typical 2.0 mg mosquito would have to fly (in mm/s) to have this amount of kinetic energy.
10-11. You have been asked to evaluate the A-weighted sound level of a new
model lawn mower and make a recommendation on an acceptable noise
spectrum to achieve 74 dBA. Three approaches are being considered by
the manufacturer: (1) an improved muffler that will reduce the sound level
3 dB in each frequency band, (2) a reduction in the speed of the mower
that will reduce the sound level 5 dB in each frequency band, and (3) an
engine redesign that will reduce the sound level 15 dB in the five highest
frequency bands. Using a spreadsheet program you have written, compute
the A-weighted sound level for the sound spectrum shown on the following
page and develop a recommended noise spectrum based on the manufac-
turer's alternatives that results in a sound level of less than 74 dBA. Assume
that each of the alternative reductions may be added together (by decibel
addition) in each frequency band in which it is applicable.
775
NOISE POLLUTION
Band center
Band level
frequency (Hz)
(dB)
63
78…
What is the speed of sound in substance X if a note produced at 440Hz has a wavelength of 14.8 m?
Chapter 13 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
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- Some studies suggest that the upper frequency limit of hearing is determined by the diameter of the eardrum. The wavelength of the sound wave and the diameter of the eardrum are approximately equal at this upper limit. If the relationship holds exactly, what is the diameter of the eardrum of a person capable of hearing 20 000 Hz? (Assume a body temperature of 37.0C.)arrow_forwardA sound wave in air has a pressure amplitude equal to 4.00 103 Pa. Calculate the displacement amplitude of the wave at a frequency of 10.0 kHz.arrow_forwardA sound wave traveling in air has a pressure amplitude of 0.5 Pa. What is the intensity of the wave?arrow_forward
- Table 17.1 shows the speed of sound is typically an order of magnitude larger in solids than in gases. To what can this higher value be most directly attributed? (a) the difference in density between solids and gases (b) the difference in compressibility between solids and gases (c) the limited size of a solid object compared to a free gas (d) the impossibility of holding a gas under significant tensionarrow_forwardHow many times a minute does a boat bob up and down on ocean waves that have a wavelength of 40.0 m and a propagation speed of 5.00 m/s?arrow_forwardBased on the graph in Figure 17.36, what is the threshold of hearing in decibels for frequencies of 60, 400, 1000, 4000, and 15,000 Hz? Note that many AC electrical appliances produce 60 Hz, music is commonly 400 Hz, a reference frequency is 1000 Hz, your maximum sensitivity is near 4000 Hz, and many older TVs produce a 15,750 Hz whine. Figure 17.36 The relationship of loudness in phons to intensity level (in decibels) and intensity (in watts per meter squared) for persons with normal hearing. The curved lines are equal-loudness curves—all sounds on a given curve are perceived as equally loud. Phons and decibels are defined to be the same at 1000 Hz.arrow_forward
- The speaker system at an open-air rock concert forms a ring around the entire circular stage and delivers 50,000 W of power output. Assume the sound radiates in all directions equally as if it were generated by an isotropic point source and assume the sound energy is not absorbed by air. a. At what distance is the sound from the speakers barely audible? Note that your answer will be far too large since the model we are using for sound level ignores the power absorbed by the medium (air). How does your answer compare to the radius of the Earth? b. What is the closest distance audience members can be to the speakers if the sound is not to be painful to their ears?arrow_forward(a) If a submarine’s sonar can measure echo times with a precision of 0.0100 s, what is the smallest difference in distances it can detect? (Assume that the submarine is in the ocean, not in fresh water.) (b) Discuss the limits this time resolution imposes on the ability of the sonar system to detect the size and shape of the object creating the echo.arrow_forwardThe amplitude of a sound wave is measured in terms of its maximum gauge pressure. By what factor does the amplitude of a sound wave increase if the sound intensity level goes up by 40.0 dB?arrow_forward
- Porpoises emit sound waves that they use for navigation. If the wavelength of the sound wave emitted is 4.5 cm, and the speed of sound in the water is v=1530 m/s, what is the period of the sound?arrow_forwardA crude approximation of voice production is to consider the breathing passages and mouth to be a resonating tube closed at one end. (a) What is the fundamental frequency if the tube is 0.240 m long, by taking air temperature to be 37.0°C ? (b) What would this frequency become if the person replaced the air with helium? Assume the same temperature dependence for helium as for air.arrow_forwardConsider detectors of water waves at three locations A, B, and C in Active Figure 13.23b. Which of the following statements is true? (a) The wave speed is highest at location A. (b) The wave speed is highest at location C. (c) The detected wavelength is largest at location B. (d) The detected wavelength is largest at location C. (e) The detected frequency is highest at location C. (f) The detected frequency is highest at location A.arrow_forward
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