Concept explainers
Soap greatly weakens the cohesive forces between water molecules. You can see this by adding some oil to a bottle of water and shaking it so that the oil and water mix. Notice that the oil and water quickly separate as soon as you stop shaking the bottle. Now add some liquid soap to the mixture. Shake the bottle again and you will see that the soap makes a fine film around each little oil bead and that a longer time is required for the oil to coalesce after you stop shaking the bottle. This is how soap works in cleaning. It breaks the surface tension around each particle of dirt so that the water can reach the particles and surround them. The dirt is carried away in rinsing. Soap is a good cleaner only in the presence of water.
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Conceptual Physics (12th Edition)
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