(a)
To complete: The given tablefor aerobic bacterium and find the maximum ATP yield.
Introduction: The aerobic respiration involves the oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen to yield energy. There are several pathways involved in the complete oxidation of the glucose. The number of pathways like glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain finally results in the release of energy and the synthesis of the ATP in the mitochondria.
(b)
To indicate: The changes for the calculation of the maximum ATP yield when a cell uses glycerol phosphate shuttle to move the electrons from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix.
Introduction: The number of pathways like glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain finally results in the release of energy and the synthesis of the ATP in the mitochondria. The other shuttles are also involved in the process to make the whole process most economically favorable.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 10 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
- MATHEMATICAL Using the data in Table 15.1, calculate the value of G for the following reaction. Creatinephosphate+GlycerolCreatine+Glycerol-3-phosphate Hint: This reaction proceeds in stages. ATP is formed in the first step, and the phosphate group is transferred from ATP to glycerol in the second step.arrow_forwardRemember for T/F questions, either answer TRUE or FALSE, but if the answer is FALSE make sure to explain WHY the answer is false. The cell prefers lipids as a food source due to the large amount of NADH it can create during fatty acid oxidation is then used to create ATP. 1 A- Ff▼ = = F B I U S X₂ x² % S'S ↓ S 8- OiLearn Videoarrow_forwardPlease answer fast The equilbrium constant (Keq) under standard conditions for the hydrolysis of ATP is 200,000 M. This would suggest the reaction is: 1. proceeding in reverse direction 2. proceeding in forward direction 3. in equilibrium However, this does not take into consideration the concentration of substrates/products within the cell. This is can be calculated by determining the reaction quotient, Q by: [ATP] x [Pi] / [ADP] [ATP] + [Pi] / [ADP] [ADP] x [ATP] / [Pi] [ADP] x [Pi] / [ATP] Biochemical reactions commonly involve the transfer of groups from ATP. What is one of the products of pyrophosphate cleavage from ATP? AMP Adenosine ADP Inorganic phosphate Q5-6. The hydrolysis of ATP is often coupled to other reactions. For example: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + H2O → Pyruvate + Pi (ΔG'° = -63.1 kJ/mol) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi (ΔG'° = -30.5 kJ/mol) (The standard free-energy changes for the reactions are indicated in brackets) Q5. Given the information above, what is the…arrow_forward
- Question:- Explain the detail summary of ATP produced for six glucose molecules in an inactive and active cells if the enzyme that convert dihydroacetone phosphate failed to convert it into the isomer glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Elaborate futher the difference in terms of ATP production between two types of cells.arrow_forwardDescribe the metabolic lifestyle for each of the following organisms. Your description should address where/how each organism (i) acquires energy (ATP &arrow_forwardBIOMOLECULES - MULTIPLE CHOICE - Please answer properly QUESTION : 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE in the catabolism of cytidine triphosphate (CTP)? A. the final product will have the same type of nitrogen-containing ring as CTP B. the nitrogen-containing ring will be oxidized C. nitrogen will be released in the form of ammonia (ammonium ion) D. hypoxanthine will be an intermediate 2. Which of the following biomolecules is a lipid? A. all of the above B. triglycerides C. steroids D. fatty acidsarrow_forward
- Consider decosanoic acid C12H43CO2H SUB PART TO BE SOLVED How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from 1 to 4]arrow_forwardENZYME KINETICS ANALYSIS of 6 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of uric acid, which in excess causes gouty arthritis. The inhibition of this enzyme is therefore critical in its treatment. A student researcher is investigating the inhibitory effects of kaempferol (Kmp) and chlorogenic acid (Cha) on XO which uses xanthine (Xan) as substrate. Table 1 below shows the enzyme kinetic data. Construct the Lineweaver-Burk plot complete with the linear regression analvsis. Fill in the needed information on Table 2 and paste a copy of your Lineweaver-Burk plot. submit the picture of your output in PNG or JPG format. Table 1. Enzyme Kinetic Data Velocity, mM/s [S], mM Хan Kmp Cha 0.492 0.0678 0.0351 0.0615 0.211 0.0531 0.0261 0.0451 0.087 0.0298 0.0157 0.0211 0.048 0.0195 0.0091 0.0142 0.029 0.0127 0.0067 0.0081 Table 2. Enzyme Kinetic Parameters Xanthine Kaempferol Chlorogenic acid Parameters Vmax Км Type of Inhibition Mode of Binding NA NA Lineweaver-Burk Plotarrow_forwardKinetic Parameters of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions TABLE 12-1 The Values of KM, Keat, and Keat/KM for Some Enzymes and Substrates Enzyme Substrate KM (M) 9.5 x 10-5 1.2 x 10-² 2.6 x 10-2 2.5 x 10-2 4.4 x 10-1 8.8 x 10-2 6.6 x 10-4 Acetylcholinesterase Carbonic anhydrase Catalase Chymotrypsin Fumarase Urease Acetylcholine CO₂ HCO₁ H₂O₂ N-Acetylglycine ethyl ester N-Acetylvaline ethyl ester N-Acetyltyrosine ethyl ester Fumarate Malate Urea 5.0 x 10-6 2.5 x 10-5 2.5 x 10-2 Keat (S-¹) 1.4 x 104 1.0 × 106 4.0 × 105 1.0 X 107 5.1 x 10-2 1.7 × 10-1 1.9 X 10² 8.0 x 10² 9.0 × 10² 1.0 X 104 Keat/KM (M¹s¹) 1.5 × 108 8.3 x 107 1.5 x 107 4.0 X 108 1.2 x 10-1 1.9 2.9 × 105 1.6 × 108 3.6 X 107 4.0 X 105 Which enzyme is the most catalytically efficient? Which substrate does chymotrypsin bind to most tightly (assume k_₁ >> K₂)? Is fumarate or malate a better substrate of fumarase? Is it possible to have a kcat/KM of greater than 1 x 10⁹ M-¹ s-¹? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate (the preparatory & payoff phase of glycolysis), including the standard free-energy change ΔG for each reaction. Then write the overall or net equation of glycolysis, with the net standard free-energy change when one molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate.arrow_forwardShow summary computation in a table Net ATP yield for complete oxidation of 1 mol of galactose to CO2 and H2O (using both Malate-Aspartate and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttles)arrow_forwardBioenergetics: Answer the following questions regarding bioenergetics/ oxidative phosphorylation: Given the following reactions and AGs for each reaction, answer the two questions that follow; be sure to give complete answer including proper units and sign(s) wherever necessary: Reaction #1 (AG = -2.3 kcal/mol): A+ B2 C+D Reaction #2 (AG = +5.3 kcal/mol): C+ K 2R Reaction #3 (AG = -4.5 kcal/mol): R 2 Y+Z 7. Calculate AG for overall reaction: AR>Z Free Energy Change Reactions #1-3 = 8. Which direction is this overall process (#1-3) predicted to go (circle one)? forward OR backwardarrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning