Concept explainers
QUANTITATIVE Cell Sizes. To appreciate the differences in cell size illustrated in Figure 1-3a, consider these specific examples. Escherichia coli, a typical bacterial cell, is cylindrical in shape, with a diameter of about 1 μm and a length of about 2 μm. As a typical animal cell, consider a human liver cell, which is roughly spherical and has a diameter of about 20 μm. For a typical plant cell, consider the columnar palisade cells located just beneath the upper surface of many plant leaves. These cells are cylindrical, with a diameter of about 20 μm and a length of about 35 μm.
(a) Calculate the approximate volume of each of these three cell types in cubic micrometers. (Recall that V = πr2h for a cylinder and that V = 4πpr3/3 for a sphere.) Use three significant figures for these calculations.
(b) Approximately how many bacterial cells would fit in the internal volume of a human liver cell?
(c) Approximately how many liver cells would fit inside a palisade cell?
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EBK BECKER'S WORLD OF THE CELL
- How much? How might one even define a cell as different if cells look the same morphologically?arrow_forwardMitosis; Sequence of Stages Number the names of the stages of mitosis from 1 to 5 to show the correct order of their sequence. [Choose ] [Choose ] in 3 [Choose] 4 [Choose] 5. [Choose]arrow_forwardImage analysis. The outer boundary of the cell is the plasma membrane.In the image below, molecules that cannot cross the membrane are glucose and ions.Why can't they cross the membrane? [MA] (c) (d) (a) Small uncharged molecules (b) Lipid-soluble Water-soluble substances lons substances Glucose Hydrocarbon Nat K+ H20 CO2 H+ cF Cat+ NH3 O They are hydrophobic O They are hydrophilic O large O Na, K, Ca and H ions will bind with phosphate Chloride ions will be repelled by phosphate they are small in size toarrow_forward
- Integral membrane proteins... Choose all that could apply are bound to the membrane by only interacting with the phospholipid's polar head O contain many amino acids with hydrophobic residues O contain alpha-helical membrane spanning domains O would not be digested by trypsin in a permeabilized cell O interact with the phospholipid core of the phospholipid bilayerarrow_forwardQIV. Determine if the level of organization is molecular or cellular. Tick True if molecular. Tick False if cellular. Prokaryotic cells have no membrane-bound nucleus, and the organelles have no surrounding membranes. Select one: O True O Falsearrow_forwardFind the FALSE sentence. Select one: a. In osmosis, water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from the compartment with the lowest to the compartment with the highest solute concentration. b. Malignant tumors can give rise to metastases. c. Passive transport across the membrane requires ATP. d. The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus both collaborate to build the cell membrane.arrow_forward
- MAIN IDEA: Eukaryotic cells have an extensive and dynamic framework called a cyto- skeleton. The cytoskeleton is used for cell shape, internal structure, movement, and cell division. Many cells are surrounded by and supported by a complex extracellular matrix and are able to interact with adjacent cells and the environment via cell junctions. 5. List three common components of microtubules and microfilaments.arrow_forwardA 50 µm What are the features marked A: What is the organization AND shape, in that order, of these epithelial cells? Include a space between each term.arrow_forwardDraw out protein transport in the cell. Make sure to include all steps involved in transport through the secretory and endocytic pathways (including ER resident protein retrieval, transport to lysosome), transport in and out of the nucleus, and import into mitochondria. Include all details of vesicle transport (protein coat, SNARES, Rab) in your drawingarrow_forward
- Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. Consider an individual microtubule that is in its shrinking phase. What would happen if only GDP, but no GTP, were present in the solution.arrow_forwardDynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. Consider an individual microtubule that is in its shrinking phase. What would need to happen at the end of the microtubule in order for it to stop shrinking and to start growing again? Be specific! What would happen if only GDP, but no GTP, were present in the solution? What would happen if the solution contained an analog of GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed?arrow_forwardMICROBIOLOG.Y: Regarding molecules that move across membranes: How would you characterize the molecules that move passively across the cell membrane by diffusion? How would you characterize the molecules that move passively across the cell membrane by osmosis? What is the difference in these two mechanisms and why is this important?arrow_forward
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