Which of the following is incorrect about the "initial velocity" assumption? O a. Product is not allowed to accumulate O b. Reaction is monitored for the first few minutes Oc. None; all the other choices are correct d. Reverse reaction of the second step is ignored
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- When K > 1, which of the following statements is/are definitely TRUE? I. Products are favored II. ΔG for the reaction is positive III. kfwd > krev IV. the reaction is exothermicWhich of the following is incorrect about the Michaelis-Menten plot? a. The y-axis is velocity and the x-axis is [substrate] b. It is based on E + S to reversibly form ES and then this to form E + P O c. The data is plotted using the Michaelis-Menten equation Od. It has a sigmoidal shapeFor the following reaction X + YA + B at 300 K, it is found equilibrium constant equal to 10. Therefore, AG & AGⓇ of the reaction at 300 K respectively are - Answer b
- Anaerobic digester reactors (technology) are used in small South African wastewater treatment works. The following reactors are very likely to take place in the type of reactorC-compounds + bacteria=XX + bacteria =CO2 + NH3a. Predict the products (X) if the above reactions occur? justify your answerb. What types of bacteria are likely to be present in the reactorsc. What could C compound represent for bacteria2.2 Predict the implication of operating above 60°C in the digester and reactorsAn enzyme catalyzes the reaction A --> B. The enzyme is present at a concentration of 2 nM, and the Vmax is 10 uM/s. The Km for substrate A is 10mM Calculate the initial velocity of the reaction, Vo, when the substrate concentration is a)2 mM and b) 30 mM.Define the following terms: a. catalytic dyad b. transition state theory c. hydroxide ion catalysis d. reaction intermediate e. proximity and orientation effects
- Which of the followingdescribe superior properties of enzymes (biological catalysts) over traditional chemical catalysts? a. They are mostly and generally operative under mild temperature, pressure, and pH conditions b. They are regulated only by substrate concentration c. They do not effect the reaction equilibrium, but lower the reaction's activation energy d. They are recycled at the end of the reaction Choose all that applyFill in the blanks: Write Cif only statement A is correct, Hif only statement B is correct, E if both statements are correct, Mif both statements are incorrect. A. The Michaelis-Menten plot shows that initially, the increase in the reaction velocity is relatively fast. B. Then after sometime, the change in the reaction velocity slows down and tapers off to a certain limit.Regarding the reasoning for the Michaelis-Menten equation to be unsuitable for accurate analysis of experimental data, select all that apply: It is nonlinear It is only valid for reactions at equilibrium It is not valid under experimental conditions Extrapolation to Vm is inaccurate and therefore Km also cannot be accurately described
- An enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a Km of 4 mM and a Vmax of 5x10-3 uM/s. What is the reaction velocity when the substrate concentration is: 5 mM 4 mMTwo experiments were performed with the enzymeribonuclease. In experiment 1 the effect of increasingsubstrate concentration on reaction velocity was measured.In experiment 2 the reaction mixtures were identical tothose in experiment 1 except that 0.1 mg of an unknowncompound was added to each tube. Plot the data accordingto the Lineweaver-Burk method. Determine the effect of theunknown compound on the enzyme’s activity. (Substrateconcentration is measured in millimoles per liter. Velocity ismeasured in the change in optical density per hour.)A chemical reaction has a Q10 of 3. Which rates characterize this reaction? a A rate of 9 at 40°C and 3 at 20°C b A rate of 6 at 30°C and 2 at 20°C c A rate of 12 at 10°C and 15 at 20°C d A rate of 6 at 20°C and 2 at 30°C e A rate of 9 at 20°C and 3 at 40°C