Which of the following is a known characteristic that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses?     Operons in the viral genome can undergo homologous recombination, leading to genetic rearrangements.     Reassortment of segmented genomes can occur if a host cell is co-infected with two different viral strains.     RNA polymerases used in replication of the viral genome have proofreading capability.     Environmental conditions can trigger the SOS response, which triggers mutations in the viral genome.

Q: If the HIV did not have a reverse transcriptase enzyme, then which of the following would apply?…

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that comprise a large and diverse family of…

Q: Which of the following human diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to…

A: The virus is the connecting link between living and non living. Most of the animal viruses are RNA…

Q: How do retrovirus assemble new viral progeny? a. Viral RNA is copied into DNA, then integated into…

A: Viral RNA is copied into DNA, then integated into the host genome and transcribed ans translated

Q: What are the ways by which viruses overcome lack of 5’ cap in their mRNA? (cap snatching, presence…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic agent of infection that is able to replicate only when inside the living…

Q: When Wimmer and coworkers announced that they had synthesized the poliovirus, they created…

A: A pathogen or infectious agent is defined as a biological agent that will cause disease or illness…

Q: The lytic pathway of a virus is characterized by     viral DNA is incorporated into the host…

A: The lytic cycle is known for the process of lysis, when virus is infected the cell , formation of…

Q: A virus (bacteriophage) attaches to a host bacterial cell, inserts the viral DNA into the cell.…

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.

Q: All of the following are characteristics of a virus with a promiscuous host range EXCEPT: Binding…

A: NOTE: Thanks for mentioning which answers you needed. Virus Virus is small infectious particles…

Q: Cells produce mRNA by transcription of their DNA genomes. In contrast, single-stranded RNA genome…

A: As per the guidelines, we are supposed to answer only one question. Kindly repost the other question…

Q: given below is a small slice of a large sequence of protein taken from ORF1a polyprotein of Severe…

A: An open reading frame is a stretch of an oligonucleotide that can be translated into a protein…

Q: Syn5 is a virus that infects photosynthetic bacteria belonging to the genus Synechococcus. The Syn5…

A: Syn5 is a double-stranded cyanophage characterized by a short tail. It is isolated from the Sargasso…

Q: The dUTPase enzyme is used by the African swine fever virus to repair its own DNA, as the cells the…

A: The African swine fever (ASF) virus is DNA virus, having double stranded DNA as it's genetic…

Q: Which protein has the function of making sure that the viral genes can be completely transcribed?…

A: The study of the processes of heritable knowledge in viruses, such as genome structure, replication,…

Q: The innermost portion of a viruses structure is made up of?

A: Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cell of an…

Q: Which of the following is a property of life that viruses lack?     The manufacture and use of…

A: "Viruses" are tiny non-cellular creatures made up of genetic material and protein that may…

Q: RNA virus populations derive their genetic variation from what process? Transcription from the host…

A: RNA viruses have high mutation rates i.e up to a million times higher than their hosts. These high…

Q: You are a virologist studying a newly isolated viral strain and have sequenced its genome. You find…

A: Option A is correct.

Q: all of the following that are true regarding viruses? Oncogenic viruses stimulate uncontrolled host…

A: The virus is a pathogenic microorganism with nucleic acid as DNA/RNA. The nucleic acid is covered by…

Q: Retroviruses are dependent on reverse transcriptase, which does which of the following? Transcribes…

A: Answer- (d) creates a DNA copy of an RNA template In reverse transcription the RNA genome of the…

Q: A new virus variant has a protein with the following amino acid substitutions: S25K, L72F, T931,…

A: Amino acids are the molecules of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen that contain one carboxylic…

Q: Many viruses organize their genomes with the non-structural and structural genes clustered together…

A: A Virus is a small electron microscopic parasite, incapable of reproducing by its own, survives by…

Q: Epidemiologists at the CDC in Atlanta, GA, have called you in to investigate an increased incidence…

A: Leukemia is cancer of the blood or bone marrow . Leukemia is a malignant increase in the number of…

Q: Coronaviruses have a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. a.) What is the genome replication…

A: The positive sense single stranded RNA virus can replicate only with the help of host cells. In…

Q: A patient is admitted to the hospital with a viral infection and is immediately treated with…

A: A viral infection is the proliferation of a harmful virus within the body of the organism. Symptoms…

Q: Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects a…

A: Question -Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects…

Q: All viral genomes contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA but not both. Viral replication is the…

A: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites which depends on host translational and transcriptional…

Q: Which biological system contains a protein nucleocapsid surrounding 2 antiparallel polynucleotide…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: The lytic cycle of a bacteriophage can be characterized by A large number of phages are released at…

A: Virus gains entry into the host cells. A bacteriophage is a virus that attacks bacteria. According…

Q: How many viruses are adsorbed per cell (multiplicity of infection)

A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Arrange the following list into the correct sequence for part of the cycle of a retrovirus: 1. dsDNA…

A: Retro viruses are a special kind of viruses that have reverse flow of genetic information. That is…

Q: we can stop the biosynthesis stage of the viral life cycle (not the stages before it) by…

A: The virus life cycle in a host involves few stages: they are: Aattachment of phage to the surface…

Q: All of the following statements correctly describes the properties of Influenza A virus EXCEPT…

A: Influenza A viruses are negative-sense RNA viruses with  single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses. The…

Q: a "persistent infection" is best described as: A) chronic infection in which viral genes are not…

A: Virus is define as a small submicroscopic infectious organisms containing the nucleic acid DNA or…

Q: Some retroviruses that have a wide host range have been developed for use in treatment of diseases…

A: Retrovirus  as  a vector :-

Q: Which of the following models best depicts how the genetic information in a retrovirus is eventually…

A: Retroviruses include human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which causes AIDS, and human…

Q: Given this information, how might we be able to distinguish the SARS-CoV-2 strain from some of the…

A: The virus is a novel kind of Covid. This is a group of germs that normally causes colds. Be that as…

Q: Which of the following describes why soap is effective at killing animal virus particles Soap…

A: There are two types of viruses, non-enveloped virus and enveloped viruses. Enveloped viruses may bud…

Q: Berkely’s experiment with temperature sensitive viral mutant showed that ----. virus could not make…

A: In uninfected cells, high temperatures raised the endosomal pH, which is where viral RNA enters…

Q: Researchers have recently discovered giant viruses that are 1 μm in length, the same size as some…

A: All living organisms must perform the basic functions of life process that are necessary for…

Q: A cell is infected with an HIV mutant that results in very little virus being released into the…

A: Introduction:- HIV ( Human immunodeficiency virus) is an RNA virus that target's mainly the helper T…

Q: A viral mutation that causes changes in the glycoprotein spikes would affect which aspect of the…

A: Option A, B, C and D are correct .

Q: A bacteriophage has inserted its DNA into a bacterial host and replicated as a part of the host’s…

A: According to the information given here the Phage is in the Lysogenic cycle as its DNA has been…

Q: Explain how a retrovirus, which has an RNA genome, is able to integrate its genetic material into…

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is present as the genetic material in retroviruses. Genetic material of…

Q: iruses variously depend on their host cell for parts of the viral replication and maturation…

A: The process of using the host cellular machinery for its process is one of the basic mechanisms…

Q: Human Papillomaviruses are characterised by all of the following EXCEPT A genome of double-stranded…

A: A viral infection is a serious kind of threat to the population as it may cause serious ailment…

Q: After a virus has entered its host, what factor usually determines the manner (or steps) in which…

A: The nature of the genome determines how the genome is replicated and expressed as viral proteins. If…

Q: In the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage the host membrane ruptures, releasing many phages. the host…

A: Bacteriophage are those viruses that infect bacteria.

Q: Rank from biggest to smallest in terms of genome size: Eukaryotic pathogens…

A: The size genome  of eukaryotic pathogens ranges from 10 Mb to > 100000 Mb. The size genome  of…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.