What enzyme is required for the movement of transposable elements that involve an RNA intermediate in virus? options: RNA polymerase reverse transcriptase polyA polymerase peptidyl transferase
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What enzyme is required for the movement of transposable elements that involve an RNA intermediate in virus?
options:
|
RNA polymerase |
|
reverse transcriptase |
|
polyA polymerase |
|
peptidyl transferase |
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Remdesivir is an antiviral drug used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is a broad-spectrum antiviral, meaning it has activity against many different viruses. Remdesivir can be incorporated into a new RNA chain as a virus replicates and can interfere with the viral replication machinery. Template RNA Elongation New RNA SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase Template groove Nucleotide entrance Nucleotides Remdesivir Figure 1. A representation of remdesivir and the viral replication machinery for SARS-CoV-2. 6. Figure 1 shows that remdesivir "mimics” an important component of RNA replication. Which specific component of RNA replication has a structure like that of remdesivir? 7. Propose a hypothesis about how remdesivir might inhibit the virus's replication process.The dUTPase enzyme is used by the African swine fever virus to repair its own DNA, as the cells the virus infects in swine do not express the dUTPase protein. Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for the role of the dUTPase in the virus lifecycle? Explain your choice in 25 words or less. The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uracil should not be present in DNA The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uridine cannot correctly base pair with adenine-containing bases The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uridine has the wrong sugar component for building DNA More than one of the above answers is correct None of the above answers is correctFor the mutations described below, categorize them in each of the following ways: [transition, transversion, insertion, or deletion]; [synonymous, missense, nonsense, frameshift, or regulatory]; [beneficial, deleterious, or neutral] A mutation in the SARS-CoV2 virus changes a codon in the gene encoding the spike protein from AAG to AAC. This mutation increases the ability of the virus to spread from person to person. Becker muscular dystrophy results in progressive wasting of skeletal and heart muscle tissue. A patient is found to have a mutation in the dystrophin gene (DMD) in the first nucleotide of intron 25. Normally, a G is in this position, but the patient has an A. Fur color in house cats is affected by several genes that encode pigment-producing enzymes. One such gene is found to have an additional C after position 45 in orange cats but not in black cats.
- Reverse transcriptase would most likely be found in which of the following types of viruses? an RNA-based lytic virus a DNA-based lytic virus an RNA-based lysogenic virus a DNA-based lysogenic virus CO000How are poly-adenosine tails added to subgenomic mRNAs of RNA viruses? Repeated uracil bases on the template cause the polymerase to slip backwards and recopy the sequence Polymerases copy a 200 base string of uracils found in some RNA viral genomes Polymerases copy a 200 base string of uracils added to the template during circularization Viral mRNAs undergo post-translational modifications, which include splicing of introns, a 5'-cap, and a 3'-poly-A tailAssume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you find that it does NOT contain replicase enzymes within its capsid. Which of the following is true? This virus must have a gene that encodes replicase. This virus will not be able to enter a host cell. Its genome cannot be translated (the process of translation) by the host cell ribosomes. A DNA copy of the viral genome has to be made before viral genes are expressed. This virus must lack surface antigens.
- Viruses are host-specific, meaning they can only infect specific types of host organisms. For examble, the adenovirus is responsible for the common cold in humans but your dog can't catch a cold from you. Why is this? The proteins on the virus surface can only bind with proteins on the correct host surface. It is an enveloped or non-enveloped virus. The enzymes carried by the virus are compatible with the host. The genome of the virus is made of DNA or RNA.Which of the following viral nucleic acids can be used as a template to produce mRNA? Select all that apply. plus strand DNA plus strand RNA minus strand RNA minus strand DNAWhich of the following is a known characteristic or procesds that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses? When two different viral strains of the same type of virus infect a single individual, reassortment/mixing of segmented genome pieces can occur, resulting in new combinations of segments. Genetic rearrangements of the viral genome occurs as a result of duplicate operons in the viral genome undergoing homologous recombination. Environmental conditions trigger the SOS response in viruses, and leads to generation of errors/mutations in the viral genome. Viral RNA polymerases display proofreading capability in replicating the viral genome of certain viruses.
- Name a nucleoside analog. Explain how that nucleoside analog works. Which viruses are effectively treated by that nucleoside analog?Viruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.), which are synthesized through enzymatic dehydration reactions from building blocks and disassembled by enzymatic hydrolysis. They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight): Chemical components Nucleosides Amino acids Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates Percentage by weight 20 30 50 Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio): Nucleosides A G T C U Percentage by mole 19 29 19 29 4 Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects…Describe in general terms the strategy used by single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses to synthesize their nucleic acids and proteins