Which of the following glucocorticoids is hydrocortisone and expected to have the LEAST binding affinity toward glucocorticoid receptor?
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- Show where trypsin and chymotrypsin would cleave the following peptide. Tyr-Ile-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Phe-Lys-Asn-Trp-Phe-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gly-Gln-GlnB. After treatment with peroxyformic acid, the peptide hormone vasopressin is partially hydrolyzed. The following fragments are recovered. Propose a primary structure for vasopressin.Phe-Gln-Asn Pro-Arg-Gly • NH2 Cys-Tyr-Phe Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg Tyr-Phe-Gln-AsnC. Consider the following peptide: Gly-Ile-Glu-Trp-Thr-Pro-Tyr-Gln-Phe-Arg-LysWhat amino acids and peptides are produced when the above peptide is treated with each of the following reagents?1. Carboxypeptidase2. Chymotrypsin3. Trypsin 4. DNFBD. From the analytical results, deduce the primary structure of a peptide isolated from the Atlantian orchid that contains 14 amino acids.Complete hydrolysis produces the following amino acids: Gly (3), Leu (3), Glu (2), Pro, Met, Lys (2), Thr, Phe. Treatment with carboxypeptidase releases glycine. Treatment with DNFB releases DNP- glycine. Treatment with a…What is glucocorticoid receptor ?Bodybuilders use a variety of anabolic substances to gain mass. Two such compounds are insulin and trenbolone. Insulin has significant anabolic and anti-catabolic properties and impacts the metabolism of various macromolecules, not just that of carbohydrates. Trenbolone binds the androgen receptor with an affinity five times higher than that of testosterone and is popular for its fat-burning and anabolic properties. H. Trenbolone C18H2202 Insulin C257H383NosO77S6 How do the different targets, mechanisms of action and durations of each drug ultimately lead to the same desired effect (increase in lean body mass)?
- How many high-phosphoryltransferpotential molecules are required to synthesize phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine and diacylglycerol? Assume that the ethanolamine is the activated component.What would be the most direct result if NAG (N-acetylglucosamine acid) could not be synthesized?Upon careful analysis, you discover that mutation causes the patient's glucokinase to behave exactly like hexokinase (i.e. an increased affinity for glucose with decreased Km value and a decrease in the Vmax). Which of the following lines on the Lineweaver-Burk Plot (Figure 1) best represents the mutated enzyme compared to normal glucokinase? Explain. B Normal Glucokinase [V] 1 [S] Figure 1
- The glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyses the following reaction: +H₂N- H - - CH₂ - CH₂ COO acide glutamique COO™® + NAD+ + H₂O GDH COO C: CH₂ CH₂ COO™ O + NH4+ NADH + H* The activity of GDH is monitored in the sense of the formation of glutamate using the following conditions: -0.2 mL of 5 M ammonium sulphate 2.4 mL of buffer at pH 8 0.1 mL of NADH at 6.15 mg.mL-¹ (M = 709 g.mol-¹) 0.2 mL of 1 M a-ketoglutarate solution Warm mixture at 25 °C for 5 min - Add 0.1 mL of GDH solution containing 1.6 mg.mL-¹protein to start the reaction. acide a-cétoglutarique The change in absorbance at 340 nm is monitored, in a 1-cm cuvette, every minute for 10 min. Results are given in the table below: Data: ENADH at 340 nm = 6220 M¹.cm¹ Time (min) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.760 1.718 1.675 1.635 1.595 1.550 1.510 1.489 1.476 A340 10 1.451 - Draw the graph A = f(t). Calculate A340 at t = 0 and place this point on the curve. - Comment the shape of the curve, particularly the portion that corresponds to a…Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are second messenger molecules derived from the cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5) P2] by activated phospholipase C. Describe the role of IP3 in causing a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. How do cells restore resting levels of cytosolic Ca2+? What is the principal function of DAG?Trelstar® is an injectable formulation of polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheresencapsulating triptorelin palmoate (Mw 13115 Da), a synthetic decapeptide agonist analog ofgonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The medicine is used in treatment of patients withprostate cancer. The pharmacokinetics of triptorelin palmoate as free drug follows a 3 compartmentmodel with drug half-lives estimated to be 6 minutes, 45 minutes, and 3 hours, respectively. Threedifferent dosing intervals of Trelstar® are available in clinic: 1 month (3.75 mg), 3 month (11.25mg) and 6 month (containing 22.5 mg of drug).Discuss how encapsulation into PLGA microspheres improves patient therapy with triptorelinpalmoate, and how three dosing intervals available in clinic may have been achieved bymodifications in the formulation
- The NMDA receptor I/V curve is nonlinear, why? What about the GluA2-containing AMPA receptor I/V curve? Draw both under normal physiological conditions. In addition, explain what happens for the NMDA receptor I/V curve when you lower the magnesium concentration.Suggest the effects of each of the following mutations on the physiologicalrole of chymotrypsinogen:(a) R15S(b) C1S(c) T147SIn muscle tissue, the rate of conversion of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate is determined by the ratio of phosphorylase a (active) to phosphorylase b (less active). Determine what happens to the rate of glycogen breakdown if a muscle preparation containing glycogen phosphorylase is treated with: (a) phosphorylase kinase and ATP; (b) PP1; (c) epinephrine