ul manufacturing company. She would then be able to relax for a year or two, save some money, and then return to college to complete her senior year and graduate. Mary is cautious about this impulsive desire, because it may lead to no college degree at all! a. Develop at least two formulations for Mary’s problem
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Consider this situation faced by a first-semester senior in civil engineering who is exhausted from extensive job interviewing and penniless from excessive partying. Mary’s impulse is to accept immediately a highly attractive job offer to work in her brother’s successful manufacturing company. She would then be able to relax for a year or two, save some money, and then return to college to complete her senior year and graduate. Mary is cautious about this impulsive desire, because it may lead to no college degree at all!
a. Develop at least two formulations for Mary’s problem.
b. Identify feasible solutions for each problem formulation in Part (a). Be creative!
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- The Almost-Graduating Senior Problem. Consider this situation faced by a first-semester senior in civil engineering who is exhausted from extensive job interviewing and penniless from excessive partying. Mary’s impulse is to accept immediately a highly attractive job offer to work in her brother ’s successful manufacturing company. She would then be able to relax for a year or two, save some money, and then return to college to complete her senior year and graduate. Mary is cautious about this impulsive desire, because it may lead to no college degree at all! a. Develop at least two formulations for Mary’s problem.b. Identify feasible solutions for each problem formulation in Part (a). Be creative!You have been assigned to create a new TV game show, and you have an interesting idea that you call, “I WANT TO BE A MILLIONAIRE.” The basics are: 1) two contestants; 2) the show begins with each contestant being given $1 million (!); and then 3) they begin playing a game that can increase or decrease that $1 million. You worry that the initial outlay of $2 million will stun your producers, so you decide to prepare them with a simpler version of your game that you call: “I WANT $3.” There are four steps in this simpler game: There are two contestants/opponents (who do not know each other and cannot communicate with each other during the game). Each player is given $3 at the start of the game. Independently and simultaneously, each player must choose whether they want to add $0, $1, $2 or $3 to their initial stake of $3. Doing so reduces their opponent’s award by $0, $2, $4, or $6, respectively. Each player knows that their payoff at the end of the game is based on their initial $3,…Your company has invested $5 million in developing a new product, but the development process isn’t quite complete. You have just learned from your marketing team that other companies have introduced similar products. As a result of this competition, the expected sales of your new product once you have completed development and actually begun production is now just $3 million. Your production team tells you that it will cost another $1 million to finish development and make your product. The decision is now yours: should you give the go-ahead to complete development of the product? Why or why not? In the event that your production team’s cost estimate is inaccurate, what is the most that your company should pay to complete development? Why? Be sure to incorporate (and define) the relevant concept into your answer.
- There are two students, each of whom can choose to plant flowers (F) or not to plant flowers (N). If both students plant flowers, then the (flower appreciation) benefit is 120 to each player. If exactly one student plants flowers, then the benefit is 65 to each player. The cost to either player of planting flowers is c > 0, regardless of the other player's choice. Each student starts (before any costs or benefits) with a payoff of zero. The above assumptions lead to the following game in strategic form. F N 120 – c, 120 – c 65 — с, 65 65, 65 — с 0,0 Suppose thatc< 120. This game is a prisoners' dilemma if and only if the parameter c is strictly greater than which value?Billy John Pigskin of Mule Shoe, Texas, has a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function of the form u(c) = √c. Billy John also weighs about 300 pounds and can outrun jackrabbits and pizza delivery trucks. Billy John is beginning his senior year of college football. If he is not seriously injured, he will receive a $1,000,000 contract for playing professional football. If an injury ends his football career, he will receive a $10,000 contract as a refuse removal facilitator in his home town. There is a 10% chance that Billy John will be injured badly enough to end his career. If Billy John pays $p for an insurance policy that would give him $1,000,000 if he suffered a career-ending injury while in college, then he would be sure to have an income of $1,000,000 − p no matter what happened to him. Write an equation that can be solved to find the largest price that Billy John would be willing to pay for such an insurance policy. Here is my question: Why is Billy's income 1,000,000 - p even…You are considering a $500,000 investment in the fast-food industry and have narrowed your choice to either a McDonald's or a Penn Station East Coast Subs franchise. McDonald's indicates that, based on the location where you are proposing to open a new restaurant, there is a 25 percent probability that aggregate 10-year profits (net of the initial investment) will be $16 million, a 50 percent probability that profits will be $8 million, and a 25 percent probability that profits will be -$1.6 million. The aggregate 10-year profit projections (net of the initial investment) for a Penn Station East Coast Subs franchise is $48 million with a 2.5 percent probability, $8 million with a 95 percent probability, and -$48 million with a 2.5 percent probability. Considering both the risk and expected profitability of these two investment opportunities, which is the better investment? Explain carefully.
- The buyer of a piece of real estate is often given the option of buying down the loan. This option gives the buyer a choice of loan terms in which various combinations of interest rates and discount points are offered. The choice of how many points and what rate is optimal is often a matter of how long the buyer intends to keep the property. Darrell Frye is planning to buy an office building at a cost of $988,000. He must pay 10% down and has a choice of financing terms. He can select from a 7% 30-year loan and pay 4 discount points, a 7.25% 30-year loan and pay 3 discount points, or a 7.5% 30-year loan and pay 2 discount points. Darrell expects to hold the building for four years and then sell it. Except for the three rate and discount point combinations, all other costs of purchasing and selling are fixed and identical. 1. If Darrell chooses the 2-point 7.5% loan, what will be his total outlay in points and payment after 48months? (Wells Fargo)Question 32 32. Ann maximizes the utility U (со, с1, с2) %3 u(со) + би(с1) + 82и(с2) with u(ci) = c¡ and a discount factor 8 < 1. She is indifferent between streams (81, 53, 0) and (0, 53, 100). Then 8 equals (A) 10%; (B) 19%; (C) 0.9; (D) not enough information. O A ов O DJamie is considering leaving her current job, which pays $75,000 per year, to start a new company that develops applications for smartphones. Based on market research, she can sell about 50,000 units during the first year at a price of $4 per unit. With annual over-head costs and operating expenses amounting to $145,000, Jamie expects a profit "margin of 20 percent. This margin is 5 percent larger than that of her largest competitor, Apps Inc. a. If Jamie decides to embark on her new venture, what will her accounting costs be during the first year of operation? Her implicit costs? Her opportunity costs? b. Suppose that Jamie’s estimated selling price is lower than originally projected during the first year. How much revenue would she need in order to earn positive account-ing profits? Positive economic profits? 2. Approximately 14 million Americans are addicted to drugs and alcohol. The federal government estimates that these addicts cost the U.S. economy $300 billion in…
- Suppose that you graduate from college next year and you have two career options: 1) You will start a job in an investment bank paying a $100,000 annual salary. 2) You will start a Ph.D. in economics and, as a student, you will receive a $20,000 salary. You are bad with decisions, so you are letting a friend of yours decide for you by flipping a coin. The probabilities of options 1 and 2 are, therefore, each 50%. a) Illustrate, using indifference curves, your preferences regarding consumption choices in the two different states of the world. Assume that you are risk-averse. [Include also the 45 degrees line in your figure] b) Now show how the indifference curves would change if you were substantially more risk averse than before. Explain. c) Now show the indifference curves if you are risk neutral and if you are risk loving. d) Show your expected utility preferences from point a) mathematically.Once your producers understand the “I WANT $3” game, you will present the “I WANT TO BE A MILLIONAIRE” game. Its rules are: There are two contestants/opponents (who do not know each other and cannot communicate with each other during the game). Each player is given $1 million at the start of the game. Independently and simultaneously, each player must choose to add to their award $0, $1, $2, $3, $4, ……$999,999, or $1,000,000. Doing so decreases the other player’s award by twice that amount. Each player ends the game with a payoff based on their initial one million, the additional amount that they announced, and the reduction due to the opponent’s announcement. The game matrix for this expanded game has 1,000,001 rows, 1,000,001 columns, and 1,000,002,000,001 pairs of payoffs. I STRONGLY RECOMMEND THAT YOU DO NOT DRAW IT! But building on what you learned in part (a), answer the following two questions: i) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? ii) What are the Nash…Avedo is considering signing a contract with Pomas to write a novel, which would be due in one year's time, and the two parties are considering the terms of the contract. Everybody understands that the profits (after expenses but before paying Avedo) of the novel are uncertain, but depend on the effort that Avedo expends, as shown in the table below. High effort would require Avedo to hire a nanny for her toddler, which would cost her $20,000 per year. Avedo and Pomas are both risk-neutral. Pomas cannot observe Avedo's effort level. Choose correct answer/answers Probability of $200,000 in Avedo's effort level Probability of $50,000 in profits profits Low Effort 80% 20% High Effort 60% 40% With a profit split contract of 50%, Avedo would put in High Effort. The expected total profits are equal to $80,000 if Avedo puts in Low Effort. A fixed wage contract could induce High Effort as long as the wage is big enough to compensate for Avedo's cost of hiring a nanny. All of these responses…