Transformation of host cells by several DNA viruses requires inactivation of the cellular proteins pRB, CKI ( cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) and p53. give an example of how each of these cellular proteins can be inactivated by DNA viruses. ( one example/cellular protein)
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Question:-
Transformation of host cells by several DNA viruses requires inactivation of the cellular proteins pRB, CKI ( cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) and p53. give an example of how each of these cellular proteins can be inactivated by DNA viruses. ( one example/cellular protein)
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- You work for a large biotechnology company that is studying viruses, vaccines, and small molecule inhibitors. You are asked to give an overview of cell signaling as it relates to the coronavirus and young adults. a) Describe cell signaling pathways (e.g., at least 3) that are likely manipulated during a coronavirus infection. In your description, include how the pathways are involved in antagonizing the host antiviral response.1. Precise words:Find the nonspecific terms in the following sentences. Replace the nonspecific choices with more preciseterms or phrases (It is not necessary to change the sentence structure).(i) All OVE mutants showed enhanced iP concentrations.(ii) Plants were kept in the cold overnight.(iii) To provide proof of concept for our hypothesis, we studied a virus in its host cell.(iv) The present paper reports on continuing experiments that were performed to clarify thissurprising effect.(v) The first transition state is a little lower in energy than the second transition state. 2. Simple words:Improve the word choice in the following examples by replacing the underlined terms or phrases withsimpler word choices (do not change the sentence structure).(i) These data substantiate our hypothesis.(ii) The difference in our results compared to those of Reuter et al. (1995) can be accounted forby the fact that different conditions were used.(iii) For the purpose of discussing cell migration we…Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. THe graph relating to the information is included below. The above graph is looking at the relative entry of SARS-CoV2 isolated spike proteins into human cells in culture at two times points: before introduction of the virus to the cell culture (0 minute) and 5 minutes after introduction of the virus to the cell culture. CHC stands for "clathrin heavy chain" and siRNA stands for small interfering RNA, which is often used in experiments as an easy method to stop expression of a certain gene. So in this case, the CHC siRNA would stop cellular production of CHC. The control siRNA introduces a small RNA fragment that does not match any gene as a negative control. From the above figure, you can conclude what about the process that allows the SARS CoV-2 virus entry into the cell? Options: The spike protein is not involved in cell entry, contrary to popular belief This is evidence for clathrin-mediated endocytosis as the…
- Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. The graph relating to the information is included below. The above graph is looking at the relative entry of SARS-CoV2 isolated spike proteins into human cells in culture at two times points: before introduction of the virus to the cell culture (0 minute) and 5 minutes after introduction of the virus to the cell culture. CHC stands for "clathrin heavy chain" and siRNA stands for small interfering RNA, which is often used in experiments as an easy method to stop expression of a certain gene. So in this case, the CHC siRNA would stop cellular production of CHC. The control siRNA introduces a small RNA fragment that does not match any gene as a negative control. Imagine that the experiment was then allowed to run for 500 minutes in addition to five minutes? How would the relative uptake of the spike protein into the control siRNA cells compare after 500 min to the 5 minute treatment? Options: 500 min time point would…Drug 2-Lumacaftor (VX-809): In people with the most common CF mutation, F508del, a series of problems prevents the CFTR protein from folding into the correct shape and reaching its proper place on the cell surface. The cell recognizes the protein as abnormal and targets it for degradation before it makes it to the cell surface. In order to treat this problem, two drugs are required - an agent to get the protein to the surface and then Ivacaftor to open the channel and increase chloride transport. The drug Lumacaftor has been identified as a treatment to help with the trafficking of the protein to the cell surface. When Lumacaftor is added to Ivacaftor, the protein gets to the surface and also increases chloride transport by increasing channel opening time. For which class(es) of mutations would Lumacaftor be most effective?Because of similarities between hypoxia associated with high altitude and COVID-19, some studies have suggested that people living at high altitude may be accustom to low blood oxygen levels and therefore less adversely effected by coronavirus infection. Based on your knowledge of acclimation/adaptations to high-altitude, DISCUSS whether you think high altitude hypoxia might protected against coronavirus infection. Justify your answer. Your words may not be more than 100 words.
- ut the following steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication in order ag and drop options into correct order and submit. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ✓ ||| = ||| = ||| ||| ||| = Virus binds to a receptor on a human cell's membrane Virus releases its RNA genome into the cell New virus travels to the cell membrane of the host cell and is released outside the cell. Viral RNA genome is translated into proteins by the host cell's ribosomes Viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase helps transcribe more copies of the virus's RNAQuestion 4: (a) Consider an enveloped virus that buds from the plasma membrane of an infected cell. At what stage of the replication cycle (after uncoating but prior to the final release of new virions) might virus-specific antibodies be able to bind to viral antigens? (b) Would antibodies be able to recognize a cell infected with a non-enveloped virus in the same manner as above? (yes or no) Provide a rationale for your answer.Question 1 Why have the majority of viruses evolved to bind to a host surface receptor that serves an essential function in the host cell? This is completely accidental. These host receptors are poorly protected by the adaptive immune system, making them an easy target for the virus. O Because proteins that perform essential functions are located only on the surface of the host cell. O Host surface receptors that are essential for the host will always be expressed and present on the host.
- Question:- How is the assembly of an antibody different than traditional forms of alternate splicing?Retroviruses can cause cancer, along with some viruses with DNA genomes. For example, herpes papillomavirus causes cervical cancer. The HPV genome encodes a protein called E6 that interferes with p53 function, and another protein called E7 that inhibits the function of Rb protein. Explain how HPV causes cancer. Are the viral E6 and E7 protein functions more similar to oncogenes or tumor suppressors?Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a carbohydrate-modified protein that ["bind the RNA genome of the virus", "", "is on the surface of the viral particle", ""] and plays a role in both ["replication of the viral genome", "recognition of host cell"] and ["packaging of viral genome for export", "fusion of viral envelope with host cell plasma membrane"] . Importantly, earlier work on spike proteins from other corona viruses showed that this molecule ["remarkable resistance to immune response", "shows remarkable conformational changes"] and only one of these served as a good antigen for vaccine development. A critical discovery in advancing the development of our current vaccines was determining what changes in the amino acid sequence would ["block degradation of the spike protein", "stabilize the conformation of the protein found on the viral particle"]. This…