There have been cases where wine has been mistakenly adulterated with ethylene glycol (,2-ethanediol, bp760 97.6 ˚C). As a forensic chemist, suggest how would you use GLC to prove conclusively that ethylene glycol was actually present?
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There have been cases where wine has been mistakenly adulterated with ethylene glycol (,2-ethanediol, bp760 97.6 ˚C). As a
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- Isopropanol is a good extraction solvent for plant pigments as it breaks down cell walls and is miscible with pigments. Can you be sure that you only extracted chlorophyll-a from your spinach leaf? If not, what else might have been extracted?What is the function of the sulfuric acid in the dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes? Why was it important to keep the Gas chromatograph close to room temperature during the analysis of the alkene mixture?(b) A researcher wishes to obtain a glycoside (an organic compound) from an aqueous plant extract using the solvent extraction technique. She therefore performs the following steps: Step 1: An aqueous solution (100 mL) containing 7 g of the glycoside was shaken with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Step 2: The resulting aqueous layer from Step 1 was further shaken with 50 mL of dichloromethane. Given that: Kp for the glycoside in ethyl acetate-water = 0.8 Kp for the glycoside in dichloromethane-water = 0.9 (i) Calculate the total mass of glycoside extracted. (ii) If the molar mass of the glycoside = 784.3 g/mol, calculate the molar concentration of the glycoside remaining in the aqueous layer after each extraction.
- Cis-3-hexene and trans-3-hexene can be separated using GC. Explain why these two compounds can be separated by GC and not by fractional distillation.The chemical method of analysis in determination of the blood alcohol content (%BAC) is: K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + C2H5OH → Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + CH3COOH + H2O During a Breathalyzer Test it was determined that 1.20mg of K2Cr2O7 was consumed by the above reaction. Calculate the number of milligrams of ethanol in the test sample. Calculate the Blood Alcohol Content in this sample (%BAC).Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol underlies the Evelyn effect, which is defined as the phenomena in which the product ratios in a chemical reaction change as the reaction proceeds. Rationalize this observation.
- 1) A polyester made from sebacic acid (CAS# 111-20-6) and 1,6-hexanediol (CAS# 629-11-8) has the molecular weight fractionation listed below. Calculate an appropriate average molecular weight for this polyester. Source: Batzer, H., Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 53c. Give the structures of vinyl chloride and ethyl methacrylate and indicate precisely the repeat units for PVC and PEME.You are employed as a coop student at the Drug and Alcohol Testing Association of Canada (DATAC) developing analytical tests for sports doping agents. You are asked to prepare a procedure for the extraction of methylphenidate, the active compound in Ritalin, from urine samples (consider them as simple aqueous layers, you do not need to consider other components!). The goal of the procedure is to extract the methylphenidate into an organic layer which will then be evaporated, and the residue will be tested for the drug.Your colleague is helping you develop the urine test. They suggest that the urine should be adjusted to a pH above 7 before extracting with the organic solvent. Why is this necessary? Support your explanation with a full arrow-pushing mechanism for the reaction that would occur if the pH was below 7. Include all formal charges, intermediates (if applicable) and products.
- You are employed as a coop student at the Drug and Alcohol Testing Association of Canada (DATAC) developing analytical tests for sports doping agents. You are asked to prepare a procedure for the extraction of methylphenidate, the active compound in Ritalin, from urine samples (consider them as simple aqueous layers, you do not need to consider other components!). The goal of the procedure is to extract the methylphenidate into an organic layer which will then be evaporated, and the residue will be tested for the drug.You find that methylphenidate is highly soluble in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, a bio-renewable solvent. Draw the structure of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and give two reasons why it is a good solvent choice for liquid-liquid extraction.Consider analysis of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated triacylglycerols (fish oil). Consider 3 methods: IR, NMR, and GC-MS (or LC-MS).How are these methods been used to characterize these molecules? What structural information can be obtained using each method? What are the limitations of each method? Lastly, if you were to use only one which would provide the most detailed structural characterization? Include pictures (structures, spectra etc.) and references with hyperlinks.Diethylacetal can be detected by gas chromatography. How does this impurity arise in fermentation?