The city is installing a new swimming pool in the east end recreation centre. One design being considered is a reinforced concrete pool that will cost $5000000 to install. Thereafter, the inner surface of the pool will need to be refinished and painted every 10 years at a cost of $450000 per refinishing. Assuming that the pool will have essentially an infinite life, what is the present worth of the costs associated with the pool design? The city uses a MARR of 6%. Review the following table and calculate the present worth of the project for a +5% change in refinishing costs. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. Parameter Construction Costs Refinishing Costs MARR [%] -10% -5% Base Case +5% +10% $5000000 $450000 6 Present Worth of -10% -5% 0% +5% Costs +10% Changes to Construction Costs Changes to refinishing Costs Changes to MARR ????? ?
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- Friedman Company is considering installing a new IT system. The cost of the new system is estimated to be 2,250,000, but it would produce after-tax savings of 450,000 per year in labor costs. The estimated life of the new system is 10 years, with no salvage value expected. Intrigued by the possibility of saving 450,000 per year and having a more reliable information system, the president of Friedman has asked for an analysis of the projects economic viability. All capital projects are required to earn at least the firms cost of capital, which is 12 percent. Required: 1. Calculate the projects internal rate of return. Should the company acquire the new IT system? 2. Suppose that savings are less than claimed. Calculate the minimum annual cash savings that must be realized for the project to earn a rate equal to the firms cost of capital. Comment on the safety margin that exists, if any. 3. Suppose that the life of the IT system is overestimated by two years. Repeat Requirements 1 and 2 under this assumption. Comment on the usefulness of this information.Austins cell phone manufacturer wants to upgrade their product mix to encompass an exciting new feature on their cell phone. This would require a new high-tech machine. You are excited about his new project and are recommending the purchase to your board of directors. Here is the information you have compiled in order to complete this recommendation: According to the information, the project will last 10 years and require an initial investment of $800,000, depreciated with straight-line over the life of the project until the final value is zero. The firms tax rate is 30% and the required rate of return is 12%. You believe that the variable cost and sales volume may be as much as 10% higher or lower than the initial estimate. Your boss understands the risks but asks you to explain the alternatives in a brief memo to the board, Write a memo to the Board of Directors objectively weighing out the pros and cons of this project and make your recommendation(s).The Aubey Coffee Company is evaluating the within-plant distribution system for its new roasting, grinding, and packing plant. The two alternatives are (1) a conveyor system with a high initial cost but low annual operating costs and (2) several forklift trucks, which cost less but have considerably higher operating costs. The decision to construct the plant has already been made, and the choice here will have no effect on the overall revenues of the project. The cost of capital for the plant is 8%, and the projects’ expected net costs are listed in the following table: What is the IRR of each alternative? What is the present value of the costs of each alternative? Which method should be chosen?
- Newmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?The city of Columbia is considering extending the runways of its municipal airport so that commercial jets can use the facility. The land necessary for the runway extension is currently a farmland that can be purchased for $350,000. Construction costs for the runway extension are projected to be $600,000, and the additional annual maintenance costs for the extension are estimated to be $22,500. If the runways are extended, a small terminal will be constructed at a cost of $250,000. The annual operating and maintenance costs for the terminal are estimated at $75,000. Finally, the projected increase in flights will require the addition of two air traffic controllers at an annual cost of $100,000. Annual benefits of the runway extension have been estimated as follows (shown): Apply the B–C ratio method with a study period of 20 years and a MARR of 10% per year to determine whether the runways at Columbia Municipal Airport should be extended.A community is looking to build a dam over a stretch of river that is currently being used for recreation. The dam will generate electricity. The dam will have a useful life of 50 years after which its reservoir will be full of sediment and the dam will need to be removed. The following are the characteristics of the dam:Initial cost: $350,000,000Electricity produced: 200,000 MWh per year at $150/MWh Value of recreation lost: $20,000,000 per yea An electricity company is deciding whether or not to invest in electricity generation in the community. They expect the new power plant to have a lifetime of 15 years. Investment expenditures in each year is $9500, while operations and maintenance expenditures are $12,500. Fuel expenditures in each year are $50,000, and the plant is expected to generate 3500 kwh of electricity in each year. If the company’s discount rate is 5% and the price at which they expect to sell the electricity is $30,000 over that period, is the power plant a…
- The city of San Fernando contemplates to increase the capacity of her existing water transmission lines. Two plans are under consideration. plan a requires the construction of a parallel pipeline , the flow being maintained by gravity. The initial cost is 2,750,000 and the life is 40 years, with an annual operating cost of 5,000. Plan B requires the construction of a booster pumping station costing 1,050,000 with the life of 40 years. The pumping equipment cost an additional amount of 250,000. It has a life of 20 years and a salvage value of 25,000. The annual operating cost is 165,000. Which is the most economical plan if the interest rate is 12% and how much is the difference between the two plans. Use Present worth Method.In building a highway, the district engineer is faced with the alternatives of building a four-lane underpass that would take care of all future needs of building a two-lane underpass now and a second two-lane underpass 20 years later. The four-lane underpass would cost 400,000 and has a maintenance cost of 10,000 per year during the 40 years it is expected an underpass will be needed. The two-lane underpass will cost 270,000 each and each would have a maintenance cost of 8,000 per year. if financing costs are 5%, which alternative should be adopted and compute the difference of its equivalent present worth. assume zero salvage value for each alternative at the end of 40 years. Use present worth method.A city has decided to build a sofiball complex, and the city council has already voted to fund the project at the level of $800,000 (initial capital investment). The city engineer has collected the following financial information for the complex project:• Annual upkeep costs: $120.000• Annual utility costs: $13,000• Renovation costs: $50,000 for every five years• Annual team user fees (revenues): $32,000• Useful life: Infinite• interest rate: 8%lf the city can expect 40.000 visitors to the complex each year, what should be the minimum ticket price per person so that 1he city can break even'?
- The state is considering three proposals for increasing the capacity of the main drainage canal in an agricultural region. Proposal A requires dredging the canal. The state is planning to purchase the dredging equipment and accessories for $650,000. The equipment is expected to have a 10-year life with a $17,000 salvage value. The annual operating costs are estimated to total $50,000. To control weeds in the canal itself and along the banks, environmentally safe herbicides will be sprayed during the irrigation season. The yearly cost of the weed control program is expected to be $120,000.Proposal B is to line the canal walls with concrete at an initial cost of $4 million. The lining is assumed to be permanent, but minor maintenance willbe required every year at a cost of $5000. In addition, lining repairs will have to be made every 5 years at a cost of $30,000.Proposal C is to construct a new pipeline along a different route. Estimatesare: an initial cost of $6 million, annual…The city of Oak Ridge is evaluating three mutually exclusive landscaping plans for refurbishing a public greenway. Benefits to the community have been estimated by a landscaping committee, and the costs of planting trees and shrubbery, as well as maintaining the greenway, are summarized below. The city’s cost of capital is 8% per year, and the planning horizon is 10 years. Which landscaping plan will you recommend based on B/C ratio analysis? Landscaping plan A B C Initial planning cost $75,000 $50,000 $65,000 Annual maintenance expense 4,000 5,000 4,700 Annual community benefits 20,000 18,000 20,000The Tennessee Department of Highways is trying to decide whether it should “hot-patch” a short stretch of an existing highway or resurface it. If the hotpatch method is chosen, approximately 500 cubic meters of material would be required at a cost of $800/cubic meter (in place). If hot-patched, the shoulders will have to be improved at the same time at a cost of $24,000. The shoulders must be maintained at a cost of $3000 every 2 years. The annual cost of routine maintenance on the patched road is estimated to be $6000. Alternatively, the state can resurface the road at a cost of $500,000. If maintained properly, at a cost of $2000 per year beginning in the second year, the surface will last for 10 years. The shoulders would require reworking at the end of the fifth year at a cost of $15,000. Regardless of the method selected, the road will be completely rebuilt in 10 years. At an interest rate of 9%, which alternative should be chosen?