serotonin,y-aminobutyric acid, and dopamine are derived from different amino acids by just one or a very few chemical steps. name one step that is shared in the derivation of all three neurotransmitters?
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- Epilepsy is often treated with a combination of drugs such as carbamazepine and phenytoin (polytherapy). CYP3A4 is induced by phenytoin and carbamazepine. Carbamzeipine is cleared by CYP3A4, but phenytoin is not cleared by CYP3A4. What problems might you expect if (a) carbamazepine is removed or (b) phenytoin is removed from this two-drug regimen.Tyrosine came from the Greek word "tyros" which means cheese as it was discovered in cheese by Justus von Liebig, a German chemist in 1846. Tyrosine serves as the precursor for dopamine - the neurotransmitter which is considered as the "reward or pleasure molecule" in our brain. It is also involved in controlling the fine motor movement of our muscles such as those of our hands. Draw the titrimetric profile of tyrosine and calculate its isoelectric pH. [Note: The aromatic hydroxyl group is titratable]Name one of the differences between neurotransmitters (non-peptides) and neuropeptides.
- The enzyme(s) that determines the speed of biosynthesis of major neurotransmitters in some neurons in the CNS is: Tyrosine hydroxylase only amino acid decarboxylase only Tryptophan hydroxylase only both a) and c)Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are a group of neurotransmitters collectively called monoamines. A lack of these monoamines has been linked to depression. Depression is treated with dru that prolong the effect of these neurotransmitters either by preventing the re-uptake of the neurotransmitters, or by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down these neurotransmitters. Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters'are true? The table lists the classifications of three antidepressants. Antidepressant Classification fluoxetine selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) phenelzine monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor amitriptyline tricyclic antidepressant Check all that apply. View Available Hint(s) MAO inhibitors are examples of monoamine antagonists. EFluoxetine inhibits the enzyme that breaks down monoamines. ODopamine plays a role in feelings of pleasure and pain. DA deficiency of serotonin norepinephrine, and dopamine is associated with depression. Some drug…A patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following symptoms would you predict: blurring of vision, excess tear formation, frequent or involuntary urination, pallor (pale skin), muscle twitching, orcramps? Would atropine be an effective drug to treat the symptoms?(See Clinical Impact 16.2 for the action of atropine.) Explain.
- John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz identified the endorphin receptor in frogs, and concluded that animals have a "built in" opioid system. To make sure that endorphins are truly neurochemicals, which of the following question should we ask these gentlemen? Please select all that apply.a) Are endorphins released in response to presynaptic depolarization? b) Do endorphins interact with postsynaptic receptors? c) Are endorphins found in presynaptic cells? d) Are endorphins subject to reuptake?Which one of the following is not a criterion for small neurotransmitter (NT) status? a) postsynaptic receptor sites b) it is isolated from the presynaptic cytoplasmic terminal c) predictable amount of its release d) evidence of mechanism for inactivation and termination of its biological activityWhich cell type is responsible for reuptaking neurotransmitters once released in the synapse? a) pyramidal cells b) ependymal cells c) glial cells d) oligodendrocytes The collective name for dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline based on their chemistry is: a) cathecholamines b) indolamines c) neurotransmitters d) anxiolytics
- Catecholamines are neurotransmitters that are produced in the adrenal glands and are released during a stress response. Some typical effects are increased heart rate, increased blood glucose levels and elevated blood pressure. Examples include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Which f the following rows correctly identifies the effect of reserpine in the synapse and the division of the nervous system it affects? Select one: Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Keeps catecholamines longer Sympathetic nervous system in the synapse b. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Inhibits release of catecholamines from the presynaptic neuron Sympathetic nervous system Division of the Nervous System Effect in the Synapse Inhibits release of catecholamines from presynaptic neuron Parasympathetic nervous system d. Effect in…Catecholamines are neurotransmitters that are produced in the adrenal glands and are released during a stress response. Some typical effects are increased heart rate, increased blood glucose levels and elevated blood pressure. Examples include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the effect of reserpine in the synapse and the division of the nervous system it affects? Select one: а. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Keeps catecholamines longer in the synapse Sympathetic nervous system b. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Inhibits release of catecholamines from the presynaptic neuron Sympathetic nervous system С. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Inhibits release of catecholamines from presynaptic neuron Parasympathetic nervous system d.…Name the three catecholamine neurotransmitters.