Q 5: Avirtual memory has a page size of 1K words. There are eight pages and four blocks. The associative memory page table does not contain the following entries: Page Block 3 1 1 4 6. Make a list of all virtual addresses (in decimal) that will not cause a page fault if used by the CPU.
Q: 3) Assume that there is a cache with 4 blocks and the block size is 1 byte (in total only 4B cache).…
A: Lets see the solution in the next steps
Q: 8. Assume a cache with a write-through policy, non-write allocate. Your cache has a miss rate of 4%.…
A: Given Miss rate=4%=0.04 Miss penalty=120 cycles The new penalty with extra cycles will be=120+30=150…
Q: Example -6.19 Consider a memory system with a cess time of 200ns, including the time to check the…
A: Solution : Given, Cache access time ( Tc) = 10 ns Memory access time (Tm) = 200 ns We have to…
Q: 32 bytes of memory. 16 bytes of set-associative cache, where blocks can go anywhere within the set.…
A: Computer system memory that are used to store or the data or the program with the sequences of the…
Q: A CPU has 32-bit memory address and a 256 KB cache memory. The cache is organized as a 4-way set…
A: Below is the answer to above question. I hope this will be helpful for you....
Q: 1. Assume data block can hold 512 Bytes and iNode has 10 direct pointers. 11 th point is a single…
A: Answer: Given Data Block Can hold 512 Bytes and I node has 10 Direct pointer 11th Single Indirect…
Q: Part(c) : Assume a hypothetical system with eight 32-bit words cache and small Main memory of 1 KB…
A: the solution of part c is given below :
Q: (d) Given memory holes (i.e., unused memory blocks) of 100K, 500K, 200K, 300K and 600K (in address…
A: First Fit. In the first fit approach is to allocate the first free partition or hole large enough…
Q: 3-Virtual memory use a page table to track the mapping of virtual address to physical addresses. The…
A: Since each page is 4KiB = 212Bytes, the lower 12 bits of the address is the page offset and ignored…
Q: Assume that a cache is direct-mapped and stores 8 blocks. Each block is 16 bytes. Given the…
A: The requested addresses are, 0x10 0x14 0x20 0xA0 0x20 0x10 0xA0 0xAC The addresses in binary are,…
Q: A system has a page size of 1KB and maintains a page table for every process in the memory. The…
A: The answer is
Q: 8. Assume that the cache size is 256kB, and each cache line is 64 Bytes. (1) Let us assume this is a…
A: Given: Cache size = 256kb = 218 Bytes Cache line size = 64 Bytes = 26 bytes
Q: 4. A processor with a word-addressable memory has a two-way set-associative cache. A cache line is…
A: Given, M=Number of words C=Number of cache entries
Q: 7. a) Consider an application running on a multiprocessor system that takes 600 cycles, (during…
A: Answer : I attached an image which include answer please have a look once.
Q: Consider a memory system with a 6-bit address space with a direct-mapped cache with two set bits and…
A: The memory address space is 6 bit and the cache is direct-mapped. We have to determine the offset…
Q: For a direct-mapped cache design with 64-bit addresses, the following bits of the address are used…
A: As per our guidelines we are supposed to answer first 3 parts of the question. please re upload 4th…
Q: A) Virtual address page 3, offset 7 results in a TLB hit or miss? If TLB hit, what’s the main memory…
A: Here is the solution for the above problem. A) Solution: Virtual page = 4, Here it will result in…
Q: A compulsory cache miss happens the first time the CPU reads any bytes in a memory Such cache misses…
A: It is defined as the data or contents of the main memory that are used frequently by CPU are stored…
Q: Assume that a main memory with only 4 frames each of 16 bytes is initially empty. The CPU generates…
A: Optimal Page replacement Algorithm:- In an operating system, the page fault occurs whenever a…
Q: la Web browsers typically maintain a cache of recently accessed image resources. Explain whether…
A: In this question there are some questions given related to cache memory. We have to answer all the…
Q: 6-Virtual memory use a page table to track the mapping of virtual address to physical addresses. The…
A: Answer is given below .
Q: 35. If the sequence of operations: PUSH(1), PUSH(2), POP, PUSH(1), PUSH(2), РОР, РОР, РOP, PUSH(2),…
A: 35) Answer is (A) 2,2,1,1,2 Explanation: The pop sequence can be seen from the following table:…
Q: CA_10 Let the virtual address be V bits and the virtual addtess space be byte-addressable, the page…
A: Note: Answering the first three subparts as per the guidelines. Given : Virtual address bits = V…
Q: Figure below refers to memory management using paging. The logical address space (left) and page…
A: ans is given below
Q: 3. Consider the code segment we discussed in class. Assume N = 32 and using a direct mapped cache…
A: please see the next step for solution
Q: Suppose we have a system with the following properties:The memory is byte addressable.Memory…
A: 1. Cache size = total number of blocks*size of block Block size = 4B Total number of block = 8*4 =…
Q: C1. Consider a main memory with size 4GB with cache size 16 KB and memory block is 8 bytes. Assume…
A: We are given main memory size as 4GB and cache as 16KB. Memory block is 8B. Each word is 1 byte . I…
Q: As described in Section 5.7, virtual memory uses a page table to track the mapping of virtual…
A: Hey there, I am writing the required solution based on the above given question. Please do find the…
Q: Consider a Direct Mapped cache with 32-bit memory address reference word addressable. Assume a 2…
A: check further steps for the answer :
Q: We study the properties of cache memory, and for reasons of easier design and efficient circuits, we…
A: Let the total number of bits for main memory be m bits. C. Number of bits for byte offset is log…
Q: 5. suppose a computer using fully associative cache has 224 bytes of byte-addressable main memory…
A: Given: 5. suppose a computer using fully associative cache has 224 bytes of byte-addressable main…
Q: As described in Section 5.7, virtual memory uses a page table to track the mapping of virtual…
A: 0x123d tag number 0x1 is not present in TLB so it is a Miss. Tag 0x1 stored in place of 0x4 as 0x4…
Q: Example-6.25 Suppose that we have a 64-bit virtual address split as follows: 6 Bito 11 Bito 11 Bito…
A: Solution :
Q: Q7) Giving the following main memory address format for 8-way set associative cache: Tag=13, Set=13,…
A:
Q: Fill in blank Suppose that linear page table is used where the memory addresses are 12-bit binary…
A: Here, we are given a linear page table with memory address and page size. Virtual address is divided…
Q: We are given a list of 64-bit memory address references, given as word addresses. Ox03, Oxb4, Ox2b,…
A: Actually, cache is a fast access memory.
Q: Suppose a computer using fully associative cache has 220220 words of main memory and a cache of 128…
A: solution:
Q: D. The cache is always as big as the whole memon, How is an address in memory translated to a line…
A: Given: To choose the correct option.
Q: Let the virtual address be V bits and the virtual addtess space be byte-addressable, the page size…
A: D) Total number of virtual memory bits to be translated is V bits.
Q: Assume a cache has 16 entries. How many index bits are needed to address the cache? a. 2 b.…
A: As per the answering guidelines solving the first question completely.
Q: For the following problems assume 1 kilobyte (KB) 1024 kilobytes 1024 bytes and 1 megabyte (MB) For…
A: For solving this question, a user must know the meaning of the virtual address and the use of a…
Q: 17- Consider a computer with the following characteristics: total of 1Mbyte of main memory: word…
A: Answer:-
Q: Q4) A direct mapping cache memory of 64 line, main memory consists of 4K block of 128word/ 1. Show…
A: ANS: main memory has 4k block = 212 block. so, number of bits required to represent block number is…
Q: Consider the following main memory word reference string; start with an empty cache all block…
A: Given: Consider the following main memory word reference string; start with an empty cache all block…
Q: We are given a list of 64-bit memory address references, given as word addresses. Ox03, Oxb4, Ox2b,…
A: According to the information given:- We have to identify the binary word address on the basic of…
Q: 3. Calculate the physical memory location for each of the following cases? a- The logical address…
A: Given: 3. Calculate the physical memory location for each of the following cases? a- The logical…
Q: Consider a direct-mapped cache with 128 blocks. The block size is 32 bytes.…
A: The index for an direct mapped cache is the number of blocks in the cache 2 to the power 6=128. so…
Q: 2. Assume we have 1 GB of physical memory. Inverted page table is used. Page size is 16 KB. Each…
A: Inverted Page Table: For each process, an operating system creates a page table. In cases where a…
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- Main memory size is 16 pages. Size of swap file on hard disk is 64 pages. Operating system locks down pages 0, 1, 2 and 7 in the main memory. Two programs are started and both are provided with a virtual address space of 10 pages. Initially operating system allocates 5 pages of main memory for each program and the rest from swap file. Virtual address space of each program starts from page 0. Construct page tables for both programs at program startup. A page table consists of P-bit which tells if the page is present in the main memory (1 = page is in main memory) and address of the page. Address tells either real address in main memory or the address of the page in swap file. b. A computer with a paged virtual memory system executes two load instructions that are adjacent to each other in memory. Describe the worst case scenario (in terms of performance) that can occur during the execution of the two instructions and explain under which conditions this case occurs. How does this affect…lices Font Peragrsoh Diraving Example: • Move a block of N consecutive bytes of data starting at offset address BIK1ADDR in memory to another block of memory locations starting at address Blk2ADDR. Assume that both blocks are in the same data segment whose starting point is defined by the data segment value DATASEGADDR. 11 SteterAddressing and Address Binding: Choose all true assertions. Direct addressing involves a remote address. If the memory location is unknown at compilation time, produce relocatable code. Relative addressing specifies a distance from a reference address. Absolute addressing specifies the address without reference addresses. Execution time prevents address binding. The logical address space has a physical address space.
- Cache Memory Caches depend on the locality principle – if you access memory locations near to each other, then you will get better performance because the cache will pull in a bunch of nearby locations every time you access main memory. Assume that multi-dimensional arrays in C are stored in “row major order”, that is, the elements in each row are stored together Example: int test[3][5] = { {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, {11, 12, 13, 14, 15} } Would be laid out in memory like: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Which of these two programs fragments (a or b) should have better cache performance? You need only answer “a” or “b” – no explanation needed. // begin fragment a int big[100,1000]; for (i=0, i<100, i++) { for (j=0, j<999, j++) { big[i,j] += big[i,j+1]; } } // end fragment a // begin fragment b int big[100,1000]; for (j=0, j<999, j++) { for (i=0, i<100, i++) { big[i,j] += big[i,j+1]; } } // end fragment bQuestion 8: A CPU generates 32-bit virtual addresses. The page size is 4 KB. The processor has a translation look-aside buffer (TLB) which can hold a total of 128 page table entries and is 4-way set associative. The minimum size of the TLB tag is: 01 02 0 3 04 1. 11 bits 2. 13 bits 3. 15 bits 4. 20 bitscache.xls (or it can be a google sheet that you share with me in a cache.txt with the url in it )= a spreadsheet showing the cycle counts of a cached and non-cached machine. Also, you need to show the cache as the memory accesses progress in your program marking the hits and misses (misses in RED). You should have cells to show how many hits and how many misses your program has, and details on what is the cache replacement policy you implemented. Here is code: void c_cache_for_badge() { int na = 8, nb = -3, nc = 10; // pointers int *npa; npa = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*84); // init integer pointers for(int i = 0; i < 84; i++) { npa[i] = i; } // integer pointers for(int i = 9; i < 70; i= i + 3) { nb += npa[i % 5] + npa[i % 3] + npa[i % 6]; } } void main() { c_cache_for_badge(); }
- Topic: OpenMP #pragma omp parallel for and #pragma omp master (Distributed and Parallel Computing Lab) The master construct denotes a block that is only executed by the master thread. Note that there is no synchronization (implicit barrier) for the master construct. The other threads will skip over this block and continue processing without waiting for the master thread. Write a program that computes the average of a large array using a parallel for construct. While it is running using #pragma omp parallel for construct, also use a master construct (outside the for loop) to keep track of how many iterations have been executed and prints out a progress report. Q. The following code is what I have written so far, but the ave(rage) value at the end comes as zero, and the number of iteration was only one, which I don't think it reflects what this program is supposed to do. Please, modify my current code to meet the criteria explained above. #include <omp.h>#include…In order to maintain linked lists in memory, static arrays or dynamically divided memory sections may be used. In what ways does one strategy offer advantages over the others?A virtual memory has a page size of 2K(words). There are eight pagesand four blocks. The associative memory page table contains the followingentries:Page Block0 32 15 26 0Make a list of all virtual addresses (In decimal) that will cause a page fault if used by the CPU.
- Oeew s Sat DO D 4 Hene et e H P E Dei vi At D Metig eta O t TE Fie • REC In Net ASSIGNMENT 1. The table below presents a list of devices that are to be addressed in a certain memory space. They have been ordered in the manner in which S S they are to be addressed with the first component being placed on the upper end of memory, starting at address $000000. By considering the size each component, provide the start and end address using the appropriate hexadecimal value. l Device Description Device Name Amount of memory to address ROM Chip ROM 1 RAM 1 4KB RAM Chip 8KB ROM Chip ROM 2 4KB Peripheral PER 1 4 bytes Peripheral PER 2 2 bytes 2. Assume a very simple microprocessor with 12 address lines Let's assume we wish to implement all its memory space and we use 517x8 memory chigs. a. What is the size of the largest addressable memory? 1aa H Q O B CEOE8.14. In the S/370 architecture, a storage key is a control field associated with each page- sized frame of real memory. Two bits of that key that are relevant for page replace- ment are the reference bit and the change bit. The reference bit is set to 1 when any address within the frame is accessed for read or write, and is set to 0 when a new page is loaded into the frame. The change bit is set to 1 when a write operation is per- formed on any location within the frame. Suggest an approach for determining which page frames are least-recently-used, making use of only the reference bit.Code a descriptor that describes a data memory segment that grows upward and begins at location 03000000H and ends at location 05FFFFFFH and can be written. The memory has not been accessed, and can be accessed with the lowest privilege level. Assume that the segment is available (i.e., AV=1) and that the instructions are 32 bits (i.e., D=1).