Part 2: Assume that there is a nonzero average causal effect of soil fumigants on crop yield. In no more than 3 sentences, describe a setting, in terms of relationships between soil fumigants, eelworm cysts, and crop yield, where evaluating the mean difference in crop yield between treated/untreated fields with the same level of eelworm cysts would not produce a biased estimate of the causal effect of soll fumigants on crop yleld. You do not need to provide numerical examples, just describe relationships among the fumigants, cysts, and yields.

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A:

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