Kirsten, a 3-month-old infant, has begun to have frequent loose stools that progress to awatery diarrhea. She is unresponsive, with dry mucous membranes, sunken fontanels, andlittle, if any, urine output. Respirations are rapid and the heart rate is elevated.Questions1. What acid-base imbalance is Kirsten experiencing, and how is this affecting her abilityto compensate?2. What is the cause of oliguria, and how does this complicate the situation?3. How will hydration affect Kirsten's ability to compensate for the acid-base imbalance?

Acid-base imbalance is the condition in which a person either has acidosis or alkalosis due to the…

Answered: Kirsten, a 3-month-old infant, has…

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133478294

Author:Chatterjee

Publisher:Chatterjee

Chapter19: Biomedical Laboratory Instrumentation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CS

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Answer all of the following questions: 1. State the implications of a high value of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in the blood and urine. 2. What does the amount of urea, ammonia and creatinine in the urine tell about renal/kidney function? 3. What food substances can lead to an increased value of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in the blood?
1. A 2-year-old child presents to the emergency room for dehydration. The child weighs 12.5 kg and the nurse assesses decreased skin turgor and dry mucous membranes. a. What urine output should this child have? b. What developmental-based anatomical differences in the genitourinary system predispose this child for dehydration?
YOU ARE A STUDENT NURSE ON DUTY AT THE EMERGENCYROOM. MR. PEDRO, 50-YEAR-OLD, CAME IN WITH CHIEFCOMPLAINTS OF DIZZINESS. HE CLAIMED THAT HE HASBEEN VOMITING AND HAS HAD DIARRHEA FOR 2 DAYS.YOU ASSESSED HIS PHYSIOLOGIC STATUS AND NOTESTHAT HIS MUSCLES ARE WEAK,HIS ABDOMEN IS DISTENDED, AND BOWEL SOUNDS ARE ABSENT. A. WHAT ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE DO YOU SUSPECT? B. WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE FOR THIS ELECTROLYTE? C. WITH THIS TYPE OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE, WHAT OTHER SYMPTOMS CAN THIS PATIENT HAVE EXHIBITED?
A 44-year-old man diagnosed with acute tubular necrosis has a blood urea nitrogen of 60 mg/dL and a blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL. A 2+ urine glucose is also reported. Questions:1. State the renal threshold for glucose.2. What is the significance of the positive urineglucose and normal blood glucose?
Pyruria is defined as... white blood cells in urine blood in urine strong smelling urine difficulty urinating
Please identify the 3 signs of pre-eclampsia (or Pregnancy Induced Hypertension) from the list below: Select one or more: O a. Severe Oedema Ob. Glycosuria Oc. Swollen ankles during hot weather O d. Larger than averge baby Oe. Proteinuria Of. Hypertension O g. Feeling dizzy
Diagnosis of SIADH is based on which of the following signs? Select one: A. Hyponatremia B. Hyperglycemia C. Hypermetabolism D. Polyuria E. Increased urine volume O O
Patient A is 65 years old female. She has been diagnosed with diabetes Type II. Recently she experienced a gastrointestinal illness with nausea and vomiting. Lab data have been obtained the following day after her illness: Body weight 85 kg; Blood pressure 140/90 mmHg; Blood pH – 7.48; PCO2 – 44 mm Hg; Plasma HCO3 ion -32 mEq/L; Urine pH – 7.5. What is acid-base disorder of this patient. What was a main cause of this? The illness continues and after 2 days the following laboratory data have been obtained: Body weight 83 kg; Blood pressure 120/70 mmHg; Blood pH – 7.50; PCO2 – 48 mm Hg; Plasma HCO3 ion -36 mEq/L; Urine pH – 6.0. Has acid-base disbalance been changed? If yes, what is the explanation for this acid-base disbalance? Is there any compensation?
Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most likely be indicated by ________. anuria polyuria oliguria none of the above
Paul is a 23-year-old. He was the victim of a hit-and-run auto-pedestrian accident and suffered multiple abrasions, a concussion, and a deep laceration of his left thigh. He was discovered approximately 2 hours after the incident and is now in the emergency department. Paul’s vital signs and hematocrit suggest that he has had a blood loss of about 2,500 ml. A urinary catheter is inserted to monitor urine output, and fluid resuscitation is initiated while his wounds are cleaned and sutured. The urine output is averaging 15 ml/hr, with a high urine osmolality and low urine sodium. 1. What type of renal failure is Paul likely developing? What data support this conclusion?
Paul is a 23-year-old. He was the victim of a hit-and-run auto-pedestrian accident and suffered multiple abrasions, a concussion, and a deep laceration of his left thigh. He was discovered approximately 2 hours after the incident and is now in the emergency department. Paul’s vital signs and hematocrit suggest that he has had a blood loss of about 2,500 ml. A urinary catheter is inserted to monitor urine output, and fluid resuscitation is initiated while his wounds are cleaned and sutured. The urine output is averaging 15 ml/hr, with a high urine osmolality and low urine sodium. Without adequate therapy, what may develop? Why? What is the best therapy for preventing this from occurring?
Paul is a 23-year-old. He was the victim of a hit-and-run auto-pedestrian accident and suffered multiple abrasions, a concussion, and a deep laceration of his left thigh. He was discovered approximately 2 hours after the incident and is now in the emergency department. Paul’s vital signs and hematocrit suggest that he has had a blood loss of about 2,500 ml. A urinary catheter is inserted to monitor urine output, and fluid resuscitation is initiated while his wounds are cleaned and sutured. The urine output is averaging 15 ml/hr, with a high urine osmolality and low urine sodium. In addition to urine output, what laboratory data should be monitored to assess changes in Paul’s renal function?

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