It is noticed that when a strain of mice exercises, their blood glucose drops to very low levels. Which of the following can explain this situation? a) These mice do not make enough insulin b) these mice lack insulin receptors on their cells c)these mice lack glucagon d) these mice cannot synthesize glycogen from glucose
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- Which of the following is the primary process by which insulin stimulates glucose transport into adipose tissue cells?A) Activating Na+-K+ ATPaseB) Increasing synthesis of the glucose transporterC) Phosphorylating glucose to maintain the gradient of free glucose across the cellD) Promoting movement of the glucose transporter from the cytoplasm to the cell membranePancreatic beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is probably related in part to: a) Decreased advanced glycation end products b) Autoimmune destruction of the beta cells resulting in no insulin secretion c) Decreased beta cell mass d) Increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretionWhich of the following statements is true? a) High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in muscle b) High insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits lipolysis in liver c) High insulin/glucagon d) Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes
- Von Gierke’s disease is a rare genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase. Symptoms ketoacidosis, a buildup of glycogen in the liver, and lactate buildup. Why does this glycogen storage disease not affect the brain? a) The brain is able to still perform glycolysis effectively b) None of the above c) In the event of hypoglycemia, the brain is able to utilize other sources of energy to produce ATP d) The brain is able to metabolize lactate, which is present in high concetrations.Insulin will tend to increase (More than one answer may be correct): A) gluconeogenesis B) glycogenolysis C) glycogenesis D) protein degradation E) lypolysisLow insulin to glucagonratio is seen in all of these except :- A) glycogen synthesis B) glycogen breakdown C) gluconeogenesis D) ketogenesis
- 64 An investigator is studying the mechanism of action of an insulin-sensitizing drug. The addition of the drug to cultured mouse hepatocytes is observed, and results show increased phosphorylation and inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase Which of the following processes is most likely inhibited by this action of the drug? A) Fatty acid oxidation B) Fatty acid synthesis C) Glycogen synthesis D) Glycolysis E) Protein synthesisWhat is the role of counter-regulatory hormones in the regulation of blood glucose? Question 8 options: a) To inhibit glycogenolysis b) To inhibit hepatic glucose production c) To increase insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues d) To enhance gluconeogenesis15.18) Determine whether the following statements describe insulin, glucagon, or both insulin and glucagon. a) secreted by pancreas both insulin and glucagon b) released when blood glucose concentration is high insulin c) released when blood glucose concentration is low glucagon d) immediately increases the amount of glucose entering cells insulin e) is a hormone both insulin and glucagon f) lowers blood glucose concentration insulin g) not enough is produced by individuals with type-1 diabetes insulin h) stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) glucagon EXPLANATION: When insulin binds to liver and muscle cell receptors, it triggers a series of events that result in the activation of an enzyme in the glycogenesis pathway and the inhibition of an enzyme in the glycogenolysis pathway. Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin on liver cells; it accelerates glycogenolysis and suppresses glycogenesis causes a decrease in blood glucose levels • accelerated by insulin suppressed by…
- During the fed state, which of the following occur(s)? a) insulin stimulation of malonyl CoA formation b) allosteric inhibition of carnitine acyltransferase I c) both a and b d) neither a nor bWhich of the following would result in an INCREASE in BLOOD glucose levels ? choose all of the options that apply. a)AKT mutation that makes it inactive b)A mutation in TBC1D4 that renders it inactive at all times. c)RAB10 has a mutation that boosts its GTPase activity. d) GSK3beta has a mutation that makes it always off. e) The insulin receptor has a mutation that precludes dimerization.Choose the correct answer: 1- Regarding to glycogen metabolism, which of the following statements about is correct : A) A key step in the synthesis of glycogen is the formation of UDP-glucose.B) Glycogen is stored mainly in the liver and brain.C) Glucagon increases the synthesis of glycogen.D) In muscle in the fasting state, glycogen is broken down to glucose 6-phosphate, thenfree glucose.E) Insulin inhibits the synthesis of glycogen. 2- Glycogenesis is initiated by: A) UDP-glucose.B) glycogenin.C) glucose-6-phosphate.D) glucose.