both insulin and glucagon b) released when blood glucose concentration is high insulin c) released when blood glucose concentration is low glucagon d) immediately increases the amount of glucose entering cells insulin e) is a hormone both insulin and glucagon f) lowers blood glucose concentration insulin g) not enough is produced by individuals with type-1 diabetes insulin h) stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) glucagon
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- Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is probably related in part to: a) Decreased advanced glycation end products b) Autoimmune destruction of the beta cells resulting in no insulin secretion c) Decreased beta cell mass d) Increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretionAntagonistic Hormone a) Describe how glucagon and insulin function to regulate blood sugar levels. b) Explain why they are considered to be antagonistic hormones.It is noticed that when a strain of mice exercises, their blood glucose drops to very low levels. Which of the following can explain this situation? a) These mice do not make enough insulin b) these mice lack insulin receptors on their cells c)these mice lack glucagon d) these mice cannot synthesize glycogen from glucose
- Which of the following is not correct about phosphorylation by IRS on serine residue? a) Target tissues fail to respond to circulating insulin b) It increases insulin levels c) It is an inhibitory phosphorylation d) It is molecular mechanism for insulin resistanceWhich of the following is the primary process by which insulin stimulates glucose transport into adipose tissue cells?A) Activating Na+-K+ ATPaseB) Increasing synthesis of the glucose transporterC) Phosphorylating glucose to maintain the gradient of free glucose across the cellD) Promoting movement of the glucose transporter from the cytoplasm to the cell membraneWhat is the role of counter-regulatory hormones in the regulation of blood glucose? Question 8 options: a) To inhibit glycogenolysis b) To inhibit hepatic glucose production c) To increase insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues d) To enhance gluconeogenesis
- Low insulin to glucagonratio is seen in all of these except :- A) glycogen synthesis B) glycogen breakdown C) gluconeogenesis D) ketogenesisInsulin will tend to increase (More than one answer may be correct): A) gluconeogenesis B) glycogenolysis C) glycogenesis D) protein degradation E) lypolysisWhich of the following statements is true? a) High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in muscle b) High insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits lipolysis in liver c) High insulin/glucagon d) Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes
- What type of insulin is used for insulin pump therapy?a) Long-acting insulinb) Rapid-acting (u100) insulin1.20-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was hospitalized with confused consciousness,fever,nausea,vomiting and fruity smelling breath. A urine sample was strongly positive for ketone bodies.Why would an insulin injection decrease her ketone body production? For the answer: a) indicatethe causes of diabetes mellitus:describe the scheme of signal transduction by insulin. b)compare the blood glucose levels in healthy patients and in patients with diabetes mellitus; c)explain why ketone bodies synthesis is activated in this patient: describe the schemes of ketone bodies synthesis and oxidation.A client with Type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital in a semi-conscious state with fever, nausea, and vomiting. The urine sample was positive for ketone bodies. Which of the following statements regarding the client is correct? Question 80 options: a) Glucagon should be administered to stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver b) An injection of insulin will decrease ketone-body production c) The client should be started on a glucose infusion to help them regain consciousness d) The client's blood glucose level is well below 4.4 mmol/L