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Insulin stimulates which of the following pathways?
Triacylglycerol synthesis and storage
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- Define the following terms: a. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketosis b. insulin resistance c. JNK d. PKCθ e. PKCεAccording to glycogen metabolism, which of the following statementsis/are not true? I. Insulin results in dephosphorylation and subsequentactivation ofglycogen synthase. II. cAMP is a second messenger that triggers an increase in glycogensynthesis. III. Release of epinephrine leads to increased glycogen breakdown. IV. Glucagon promotes glycogen breakdown. V. Glucose-6-phosphate is an allosteric inhibitor of.phosphorylase A) I and VB) III and VC) II onlyD) III and IVE) V onlyWhich one of the following statements concerning gluconeogenesis is correct? a. It is inhibited by elevated levels of acetyl CoA. b. It occurs in muscle. c. It is important in maintaining blood glucose during normal overnight fast. d. It is stimulated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.
- After eating a large meal, which one of the following events would NOT happen? A. Increased glycolysis in liver B. Increased glycogen phosphorylase activity O C. Decreased phosphorylase kinase activity O D. Decreased GSK-3 activity E. Increased insulin levels in bloodWhich one of the following is NOT a metabolic effect of glucagon secretion? Select one: a. Increase in gluconeogenesis. b. Increased glycogenolysis. c. Increase in the activity of adenylate cyclase. d. Increased amino acid uptake by the muscles.At high energy charge (ATP/AMP ratio) AND low blood glucose levels a. Pyruvate is converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis b. Glycolysis is activated c. Fatty acids are converted to Acetyl-coA d. Gluconeogenesis is inhibited
- Explain the functions of insulin. Why do you think a hormone such asinsulin is required to carry out these functions?Which of the following statements concerning gluconeogenesis is NOT true? a. Gluconeogenesis is to make glucose from glycogen. b. Many of the reactions of gluconeogenesis are glycolytic reactions going in reverse. c. The process of gluconeogenesis consumes ATP. d. The process of gluconeogenesis is regulated by ATP. e. Gluconeogenesis maintains the blood glucose level long after all dietary glucose has been absorbed and oxidized.Glycogenesis occurs in both muscle and liver. Select one: O True O False Glycogen is released from the muscle due to increased CAMP due to: Select one: O a. Growth hormone O b. Epinephrine O c. Thyroxine O d. Glucagon UDP-Glucose is converted to UDP-glucoronic acid by: Select one: O a. NADP O b. ATP O c. GTP O d. FAD O e. NAD In the fasted state gluconeogenesis is promote by which enzyme Select one: O a. Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate induced stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1 O b. Acteyl CoA induced stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase O c. Citrate induced stimulation of Acetyl CoA decarboxylase Glyconeogenesis prevents hypoglycemia during prolonged fasting. Select one: O True O False
- What effect is observed on the rate of gluconeogenesis under each of the following conditions? a. low ATP concentrationc. high carbohydrate diet b. low ADP concentrationd. low carbohydrate dietWhich of the following statements about Pyruvate Kinase is true? a. Pyruvate kinase is activated by Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate b. Pyruvate kinase is inactivated by the Hormone Insulin c. Pyruvate kinase is activated by the hormone Glucagon d. Pyruvate Kinase is activated by Fructose 1,6-bisphosphateHoward is a middleaged man and has been slowly gaining weight after reaching the age of 30. He has decided to lose weight by following a lowcarbohydrate diet. What physiologic process allows his brain to still have sufficient glucose to function normally? a. maintenance of nitrogen balance b. hypothalamus regulation c. gluconeogenesis d. transamination