In response to glucagon, the activity of phosphorfructokinase-2 (PFK-2) will DECREASE in the liver. What overall metabolic process would be stimulated by PEK-2 activity? Enter your answer here What overall metabolic process would be inhibited by PFK-2 activity? , Enter your answer here WHY would the liver decrease the activity of PFK-2 in response to glucagon? Enter your answer here
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- Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses (a) to (e)? Coenzymes are nonprotein compounds that are required for the activity of certain enzymes. One critical coenzyme central to metabolism is NAD+. In fact it is one of 5 coenzymes required by (a)< "pyruvate dehyrogenase" vs "citrate synthase" > , the critical enzyme for producing Acetyl-CoA. NAD+ is synthesized from (b)< "niacin (vitamin B3)" vs "acetate" > as was discovered to be critical for health by two American scientists, (c)<"Joseph Goldberger and Conrad Elvehjem" vs "Linus Pauling and Eric Lander"> , in the early 20th century. Dietary lack of this critical molecule produces pellagra, characterized by the following symptoms: (d)<"skin inflammation, dementia, diarrhea" vs "chorea-like movement">. People with these problems were found in parts of the U.S. where diets lacked vegetables and consisted principally of corn. Interestingly, soaking the corn in (e)<"salt water" vs…Design a radiotracer experiment that would allow you to determine which proportion of glucose catabolism in a given tissue prepara- tion occurs through the pentose phosphate pathway and which pro- portion through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Assume that you can synthesize glucose labeled with 1"C in any desired position or combination of positions. Assume also that you can trap CO, after administration of labeled glucose and determine its radioactivity.The production of glucose by the liver is facilitated by elevated amounts of the molecule NADH. What are your thoughts on the aforementioned assertion?
- Assume that you have genetically modified the gene for the glucagon receptor in a rat. Theextracellular region of the modified glucagon receptor can still bind to glucagon. However, thecytoplasmic region of the modified glucagon receptor can only bind and activate an inhibitoryG protein in response to glucagon binding. Describe how lipid metabolism in this geneticallymodified rat responds to starvation. Briefly explain your reasonings pleaseAntagonist binds to the enzyme at a site far away from the receptor site to inhibit the function of an enzyme. Select one: O True O False Glycolysis is a reductive process because glucose is reduced to form pyruvate. Select one: O True O False Hexokinase catalyses an irreversible reaction in glycolysis. Select one: O True O FalsePhosphofructokinase-1 is the main flux controlling enzyme for glycolysis. It is inhibited by high [ATP]. There exist metabolic circumstances in which the inhibition by ATP is overridden. Draw velocity vs. [S] graphs showing the inhibition of PFK-1 activity by ATP and the circumstance in which the inhibition by ATP is overridden.
- Below is a list of steps that occur after an exercising muscle cell begins degrading amino acids for ATP production. For each step, choose (A) if the process occurs in the muscle cell and (B) if the process occurs in the liver. It will be easiest to answer this question if you first put the steps in order, then decide in which organ they occur. ______ Alanine is transaminated with a-ketoglutarate.______ Branched chain amino acids are transaminated with a-ketoglutarate.______ Glutamate is deaminated.______ Glutamate is transaminated with pyruvate.______ Ketoacid skeletons resulting from branch chain amino acids enter the CAC.______ Pyruvate enters gluconeogenesis.______ Urea is formed from the nitrogen removed from the original branched chain amino acid.3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) is a very long name for the enzyme that is involved in the production of cholesterol in the human liver. The enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which electrons are exchanged between reactants to form products. This an example of which of the following chemical reactions that are involved in maintaining homeostasis? HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes a catabolic reaction because electrons are exchanged between the reactants to form products. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes a specific type of exchange reaction called an oxidation-reduction reaction in which electrons are exchanged between reactants to form products. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes an anabolic reaction because electrons are exchanged between the reactants to form products. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes a specific type of oxidation-reduction reaction called an exchange reaction in which atoms are exchanged between reactants to form products. Like most enzymes, HMG-CoA reductase…Dimethoate is a commonly used agrochemical. However, chronic exposure to it can cause an individual to develop hyper-ß-alaninemia (i.e., excessive alanine) in the muscles. Would hyper-ß-alaninemia impact glycolysis? O Yes, pyruvate kinase would be suppressed as a consequence of hyper-ß-alaninemia. Yes, glucokinase would be suppressed as a consequence of hyper-ß-alaninemia. No, hyper-ß-alaninemia would not impact glycolysis. Yes, hexokinase would be suppressed as a consequence of hyper-ß-alaninemia. O Yes, phosphofructokinase would be suppressed as a consequence of hyper-ß-alaninemia.
- Imagine that you are working as a postdoctoral researcher in a laboratory that studies how heart lipid metabolism in rats varies during the onset of type 2 diabetes. As part of your work, you are characterizing how the activities of three different types of acyl CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) change with disease progression. The three ACAD types are long chain ACAD (LCAD), medium chain ACAD (MCAD) and short chain ACAD (SCAD). At the end of an ACAD purification protocol, that started with purified rat heart mitochondria, you collect the protein eluting from each of five separate peaks from a high-resolution anion exchange chromatography column. One of these peaks is likely to be mitochondrial LCAD, another is mito MCAD while a third is mito SCAD. 1. How would you obtain initial rate data from an ACAD activity assay? Describe an assay, describe how it works, provide an example of the expected raw data and explain how you obtain the initial rates. What are the units of the initial rates?Imagine that you are working as a postdoctoral researcher in a laboratory that studies how heart lipid metabolism in rats varies during the onset of type 2 diabetes. As part of your work, you are characterizing how the activities of three different types of acyl CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) change with disease progression. The three ACAD types are long chain ACAD (LCAD), medium chain ACAD (MCAD) and short chain ACAD (SCAD). At the end of an ACAD purification protocol, that started with purified rat heart mitochondria, you collect the protein eluting from each of five separate peaks from a high-resolution anion exchange chromatography column. One of these peaks is likely to be mitochondrial LCAD, another is mito MCAD while a third is mito SCAD. How would you obtain initial rate data from an ACAD activity assay? Describe an assay, describe how it works, provide an example of the expected raw data and explain how you obtain the initial rates. What are the units of the initial rates?…There is a proposal that pyrazole could protect against the damaging effects of alcohol on the liver that resultfrom prolonged decrease in the ratio of [NAD+]/[NADH] caused by the oxidation of alcohol. ( NAD+ isrequired for several key dehydrogenation steps in the pathway of glucose synthase. NADH promotes theaccumulation of fat in the liver cells) Assuming that pyrazole is not toxic and that it is transported to the liver,evaluate its potential as an antidote to liver damage in treating chronic alcoholism. Would it be a reasonabletherapeutical candidate? Explain. Please explain and please don't copy bartleyby answer.