If a bacterial chromosome were inserted into a eukaryotic cell, would it be stable? Would it segregate like eukaryotic chromosomes do during mitosis and meiosis? Why or why not?
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Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
If a bacterial chromosome were inserted into a eukaryotic cell, would it be stable? Would it segregate like eukaryotic chromosomes do during mitosis and meiosis? Why or why not?
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- If a cell that had two copies of each chromosome, but problems with the spindle caused the sister chromatids to remain attached to each other and to only one spindle pole, what cells would result? a) cells with 2 copies of each chromosome and 2 copies of each chromosome b) cells with 3 copies of each chromosome and 1 copy of each chromosome c) cells with 6 copies of each chromosome and 2 copies of each chromosome d) cells with 4 copies of each chromosome and 0 copies of each chromosome e) cells with 1 copy of each chromosome and 1 copy of each chromosomeA cell in G1 of interphase has 8 chromatins. How many chromosomes and how many DNA molecules will be found per cell as this cell progresses through the following stages: a) metaphase b) anaphase c) after cytokinesis in mitosis d) metaphase I e) anaphase I f) metaphase II g) anaphase II h) after cytokinesis of meiosis IIWhen chromatids are separated during anaphase, how do we know that the microtubules that they are connected to are not actually shortening to "pull" the chromatids apart?
- a) In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes condense? (b) If a eukaryotic organism has a total of 34 chromosomes, how many pairs will the chromosomes be arranged in? (c) Define homologous chromosomes.Define the following terms: a. chromosome b. chromatinYou discover a substance that prevents the motor protein in a centromere from attaching to a spindle fiber. What would be a consequence of adding this substance to a cell during mitosis? Group of answer choices A) the chromatin would not coil up to form condensed chromosomes B) the nuclear membrane would not break down C) sister chromatids would not form D) sister chromatids would fail to separate
- Why do eukaryotic cells need to go through the elaborate procedure of mitosis rather than simply dividing during interphase? Select as many answers as apply. 1.Daughter cells must be genetically identical to the mother cell, for homeostasis and ordered tissue growth. 2.Bivalent chromosomes must condense and be separated in an orderly fashion, to allow equal distribution of copies into daughter cells 3.Physically dividing the nucleus during interphase would likely lead to gross chromosome breakage and highly unequal assortment of genetic information into daughter cells. 4.Dividing the nucleus during interphase would have the same outcome as mitosis 5.Daughter cells must have half the number of chromosomes after mitosis than the mother cells 6.The homologous pairs of chromosomes need to be separated, to ensure copies go to the daughter cells.Draw a diagram of the cell cycle and label the phases. On your diagram: a) For each phase, indicate whether the chromosomes are condensed or not. b) Indicate the phase(s) when it is possible to do a karyotype c) Indicate the phase-transition(s) where the cell would arrest if you add hydroxyurea.How do we know that DNA replication occurs during inter-phase, not early in mitosis?
- The same chromosome can look very different depending on when in meiosis it is observed. Explain fully why this is so and also why the chromosome is less condensed during some parts of the cell cycle? How many DNA molecules does each chromosome contain at the beginning of Prophase I? Use the following terms in your explanation: chromatin, histone, chromatid, centromere.Human cells normally have 46 chromosomes. For each of the following stages, state the number of chromosomes and the number of DNA molecules found in these chromosomes that are present in a human cell. a) Metaphase of mitosis Metaphase I of meiosis c) Telophase of mitosis (after cytokinesis)If a typical somatic cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromatids and DNA molecules are expected in each cell of that organism?