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- Blood lactate is a biochemical by-product that is produced during high-intensity exercise due to insufficient oxygen intake. Commercially available drinks advertised as oxygen sup- plements claim to increase exercise performance and decrease the postexercise recovery period by decreasing the accumulation and accelerating the removal of blood lactate. To test this claim, researchers conducted a controlled experiment to compare the concen- tration of blood lactate during exercise and during recovery between two participant groups, one that ingested oxygen-supplemented water and another that ingested regular water. ( blood lactate (mmol/liter) C A B start с Exercise D middle -o-oxygen-supplemented water --regular water finish blood lactate (millimole/liter) b N The mean blood lactate concentration during exercise (left) and recovery (right) Which of the following best describes the results of the experiment? Recovery 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 time (mins) --oxygen-supplemented water…Blood lactate is a biochemical by-product that is produced during high-intensity exercise due to insufficient oxygen intake. Commercially available drinks advertised as oxygen sup- plements claim to increase exercise performance and decrease the postexercise recovery period by decreasing the accumulation and accelerating the removal of blood lactate. To test this claim, researchers conducted a controlled experiment to compare the concen- tration of blood lactate during exercise and during recovery between two participant groups, one that ingested oxygen-supplemented water and another that ingested regular water. blood lactate (millimole/liter) U A B start с Exercise D middle -o-oxygen-supplemented water regular water finish The mean blood lactate concentration during exercise (left) and recovery (right) Which of the following identifies the dependent variable in this experiment? the concentration of blood lactate the duration of the recovery period blood lactate (mmol/liter) the…You are studying the uptake of L-leucine by epithelial cells of the mouse intestine. Measurements of the rates of uptake of L-leucine and severalof its analogs, with and without Na+ in the assay buffer, yield the results given in the table below. What can you conclude about the properties and mechanism of the leucine transporter? Would you expect L-leucine uptake to be inhibited by ouabain?
- In the following scenarios, glucose is absent. Judging these systems as a whole, decide if B-galactosidase and permease are constitutive (always), unable (never), or inducible for each situation. Note, you must use the words inducible, unable, or constitutive. You should only have one answer per block. Please format your answer as a table and upload as a pdf or doc file B-galactosidase Permease |A) I POZYA I PΟΖΥΤΑ" B-galactosidase Permease B) IS ΡΟΖΥΤΑ I POCZYA B-galactosidase Permease С) I POZ'YA ΓΡΟΖΥΑ B-galactosidase Permease D) I PO̟ZYA ΡΟΖΥΤΑ B-galactosidase Permease E) I PΟΖΥΑ I POZ'YAIt is not an easy matter to assign particular func-tions to specific components of the basal lamina, sincethe overall structure is a complicated composite materialwith both mechanical and signaling properties. Nidogen,for example, cross-links two central components of thebasal lamina by binding to the laminin γ-1 chain and totype IV collagen. Given such a key role, it was surprisingthat mice with a homozygous knockout of the gene fornidogen-1 were entirely healthy, with no abnormal phe-notype. Similarly, mice homozygous for a knockout of thegene for nidogen-2 also appeared completely normal. Bycontrast, mice that were homozygous for a defined muta-tion in the gene for laminin γ-1, which eliminated just thebinding site for nidogen, died at birth with severe defectsin lung and kidney formation. The mutant portion of thelaminin γ-1 chain is thought to have no other functionthan to bind nidogen, and does not affect laminin struc-ture or its ability to assemble into the basal lamina.…A bacterial lactose transporter, which is highly specific for lactose, contains a Cys residue that is essential to its transport activity. Covalent reaction of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) with this Cys residue irreversibly inactivates the transporter. A high concentration of lactose in the medium prevents inactivation by NEM, presumably by sterically protecting the Cys residue, which is in or near the lactose-binding site. You know nothing else about the transporter protein. Suggest an experiment that might allow you to determine the Mr of this Cys-containing transporter polypeptide.
- O Att Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Nat-glucose symporter. Recall that the Nat concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Nat ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Nat concentration outside the cell ([Na lout) is 161 mM and that inside the cell ([Na* Jm) is 17.0 mM, and the cell potential is -50.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. What is the maximum ratio of (glucose] to [glucoselout 10.62 kJ AG gluc mol that could theoretically be produced if the energy Incorrect coupling were 100% efficient? O 1.13 8.24 3800 2.6 x 10 IncorrectA 65-year-old man with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease comes to the emergency department because of a 12-hour history of chest pain. Plasma activity of the MB isozyme of creatine kinase (MB-CK) is markedly increased. Which of the following processes is the most likely explanation for the increased plasma MB-CK? (A) Cell membrane damage (B) Endoplasmic reticulum dilation (C) Mitochondrial swelling (D) Polysome dissociation (E) Sodium pump dysfunction. In Figure 6-11,a. in view of the position of HPA oxidase earlier in thepathway compared to that of HA oxidase, would youexpect people with tyrosinosis to show symptoms ofalkaptonuria?b. if a double mutant could be found, would you expecttyrosinosis to be epistatic to alkaptonuria?
- Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Nat-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na+]out) is 155 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+ lin) is 21.0 mM, and the cell potential is -52.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AGgluc = kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose] in to [glucose]out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? O 2700 7.89 O 1.14 3.7 x 10-4Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na*-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na* lout) is 147 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 17.0 mM, and the cell potential is -54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AG gluc kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose]in to [glucose] out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? 1.13 2.3 × 10-4 8.36 4300The protein fragments ABS1 and ABS2 of tropomodulin were produced as fusion proteins with chitin binding domain and purified by a chitin column. Explain the principles of this type of affinity chromatography and support it with a self‐drawn figure. This is with regards to Tropomodulin/ F-Actin complex.