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- Define stability from both a kinetic and thermodynamic perspective. Give examples to show the differences in these concepts.The following equation represents a reversible decomposition: CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g) Under what conditions will decomposition in a closed container proceed to completion so that no CaCO3 remains?Substances that poison a catalyst pose a major concern for many engineering designs, including those for catalytic converters. One design option is to add materials that react with potential poisons before they reach the catalyst. Among the commonly encountered catalyst poisons are silicon and phosphorus, which typically form phosphate or silicate ions in the oxidizing environment of an engine. Group 2 elements are added to the catalyst to react with these contaminants before they reach the working portion of the catalytic converter. If estimates show that a catalytic converter will be exposed to 625 g of silicon during its lifetime, what mass of beryllium would need to be included in the design?
- Amoxicillin is an antibiotic packaged as a powder. When it is used to treat babies and small animals, the pharmacist or veterinarian must suspend it in water, so that it can be administered orally with a medicine dropper. The label says to dispose of unused suspension after 14 days. It also points out that refrigeration is required. In the context of this chapter, what is implied in the latter two statements?Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to the al-kanes and having the general formula SinH2n+2. The first of these compounds is silane, SiH4, which is used in the electronics industry to produce thin ultrapure silicon films. SiH4(g) is somewhat difficult to work with because it is py-ropboric at room temperature—meaning that it bursts into flame spontaneously when exposed to air. (a) Write an equation for the combustion of SiH4(g). (The reaction is analogous to hydrocarbon combustion, and SiO2 is a solid under standard conditions. Assume the water produced will be a gas.) (b) Use the data from Appendix E to calculate ? for this reaction. (c) Calculate G and show that the reaction is spontaneous at 25°C. (d) Compare G for this reaction to the combustion of methane. (See the previous problem.) Are the reactions in these two exercises enthalpy or entropy driven? Explain.For the following reaction C(s)+2H2(g)CH4(g) K=0.26 at 1000C (3 significant figures). What is the equilibrium constant at 750C (3 significant figures)?
- O to 185s? 185 to 416? 416 to 815 s? The decomposition of N,O, can be described by the equation 2 N,0,(soln) → 4 NO, (soln) + 0, (g) Consider the data in the table for the reaction at 45 °C in carbon tetrachloride solution. t (s) [N,0,] (M) 1.876 185 1.670 416 1.444 815 1.124 Given the data, calculate the average rate of reaction for each successive time interval.Calculate the initial rate for the formation of C at 25 ∘C, if [A]=0.50M and [B]=0.075M Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.The following data are for the gas phase decomposition of phosphine at 120 °C. PH3(g)- → 1/4 P(g) + 3/2 H2(g) [ PH3 ), M 5.30x102 2.65x102 1.33x102 57.0 6.65x103 85.5 time, s 28.5 Hint: It is not necessary to graph these data. (1) The half life observed for this reaction is (2) Based on these data, the rate constant for this order reaction is Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 9 more group attempts remaining
- Calculate the initial rate for the formation of C at 25 °C, if [A] Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. = 0.50 M and [B] = 0.075 M.One of the least abundant nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere is dinitrogen pentoxide. One reason concentrations of this oxide are low is that the molecule is unstable and rapidly decomposes to N2O4 and O2: 2N2O5(g) → 2N2O4(g) + O2(g) A kinetic study of the decomposition of N2O5 at a particular temperature yielded the data in the following Table. Assume that the decomposition of N2O5 is first order in N2O5. Test the validity of your assumption. Determine the value of the rate constant.[References] Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. The following data are for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in dilute sodium hydroxide at 20 °C. H,O2(aq) → H,0(1) + ½ 02(g) H2O2 ], M 9.50x10-2 4.75x10-2 2.38×10-2 1.19×10-2 time, min 7.67 15.3 23.0 Hint: It is not necessary to graph these data. (1) The half life observed for this reaction is min . (2) Based on these data, the rate constant for this order reaction is min -1. Submit Answer Try Another Version 1 item attempt remaining