Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug with an IC50 in MCF7 breast cancer cells of 0.01 microM. Assuming the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin follows 'classic' receptor theory what percentage of the cells will be viable following treatment of the cells with a concentration of doxorubicin of 0.01 microM? 10% O 0.01% O 90% O 50% 99.99%
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- From the Hill Plot below, the of the first binding event for the receptor-ligand system under study is: Q1 4nM Ο 10 μΜ -2 nM 2 nM Calculate the Hill Coefficient from the receptor-ligand binding data below: Q2 4 100 2 3 (0-1) 60 log 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 log [L] (nM) 6 8 10Plasma PDGF levels can be a diagnostic marker for severity and progression of breast cancer. The assay data below shows the plasma levels of PDGF in normal individuals, Stage II and Stage IV (More severe). You are treating a patient with breast cancer and assay indicates that their plasma PDGF level 6 fmoles/ 100 uL.Based on this info, in which stages has this patient's cancer progressed? Explain what process this patient's tumor has likely undergone and which cell types you would expect to now be associated with this tumor.TNF-alpha treatment of prostate carcinoma, LNCAP cells decreases cell survival as shown in the graph below. Which of the following would you observe in these cells treated with TNF- alpha? Select all that apply TNF-a 120 100 80 - 60- 40- 20 - 24 72 (hrs) + Control - TNF-a 10ng + TNF-a 100 ng O Activation of extrinsic pathway of apoptosis O Activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis Activation of executioner caspases Recruitment of adapter protein FADD to the TNF-alpha receptor LNCAP cell viability (% of control)
- Which ONE of these statements is the most accurate definition of the mode of action of imatinib? Select one: A.It is a specific inhibitor of the BCR‐ABL1 fusion protein and blocks phosphatase activity by competing with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding B.It is a specific inhibitor of the BCR‐ABL1 fusion protein and blocks tyrosine kinase activity by competing with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding C.It is a specific inhibitor of the BCR‐ABL1 fusion protein and blocks tyrosine kinase activity by interaction with the enzyme site D.It is a specific inhibitor of the BCR‐ABL1 fusion protein and blocks phosphatase activity by interaction with the enzyme siteThe progressive loss of cardiac myocytes due to cell death has been associated with cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Which of the following would lead to a significant loss of cardiac myocytes? Select all that apply Treatment of rapamycin which results in inhibition of mTOR activity Prolonged or severe ER stress with increased accumulation of unfolded proteins Activation of AMPK and phosphorylation of the TSC1 complex mTOR activation and phosphorylation of Ulk1I just read an abstract of the paper “Disulfide bond-disrupting agents activate the tumor necrosis family-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/death receptor 5 pathway” and noted that “DDAs and TRAIL synergize to kill cancer cells and are cytotoxic to HER2+ cancer cells with acquired resistance to the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib.” For the last sentence, I am not sure the meaning of the “acquired resistance to the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib”. Is the “acquired resistance ... to inhibitor” a good thing or bad thing, as far as the synergize effect of DDAs and TRAIL”? Hope that expert can help.
- 1 of 16 Data from an experiment is shown in the figure below. In the experiment, murine cells were treated with a specific a ligand that activates receptor R. In some cases, the cells were exposed to one of two drugs (X or Y) as well as the ligand or were left untreated (UT). After 30 minutes of treatment, the cells were lysed with a detergent-based buffer to release the soluble membrane, cyosolic and nuclear proteins. Samples from each cell extract were run (in duplicate) by SDS-PAGE (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) in order to separate the proteins by molecular mass (size). The separated proteins were then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane which was then probed with different antibodies in a western blotting procedure to detect specific phosphorylated proteins or total proteins. If present in the cell extract, these proteins appear as a dark band in the relevant western blot image within the figure. Drug X Drug Y UT Ligand Ligand Ligand Western blotting antibodies…Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. 1) What is the importance and advanatge of detecting CSCs? 2) What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples.TGF-B Receptor I (RI) phosphorylation of Smad2/3 does all of the following EXCEPT: activate Smad2/3 binding to the Co-Smad Smad4 dissociate intramolecular binding of Smad2/3 MH1 and MH2 domains. RI phosphorylation of Smad2/3 does all of these things. release Smad2/3 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm unmask the Smad2/3 nuclear localization signal (NLS).
- Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib? Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. The downstream cellular response. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical chemotherapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying this insensitivity uncovered an ability by these cells to pump the treatment drug out of the cell against its concentration gradient. Additional drugs have been developed that inhibit the pump, thus trapping the chemotherapeutic agent inside to promote cancer cell destruction. The Figure shows what happens when two types of cells are treated with a 3H-labeled anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel. Two additional drugs, imatinib and nilotinib, are evaluated for their ability to overcome the cancer cells ability to pump out the chemotherapeutic agent. An asterisk (*) indicates a statistically significant difference from the cells receiving paclitaxel alone. Do the additional drugs seem to the effective in over-coming the pump? Which set of graphs (A or B) best supports your answer? Explain your answer.When comparing two or more ligands, a larger numerical value for KD corresponds to a higher binding affinity. True False In radioligand binding assays, a large excess of a noncompetitive antagonist is used to determine the specific binding of the radiolabeled ligand. True False Exocrine glands have ducts that provide a passageway for secretions to move to the surface of the epithelium. True False An inverse agonist binds to a receptor with an affinity that is inversely proportional to its potency. True False Can I get the answer? I don't need explanation