Consider the growth curve shown below. Cells were grown in a medium containing 1 % w/v glucose and 0.5% w/v acetate. Calculate the generation time when growing on glucose and also when growing on acetate. Pay particular attention to the split time axis with different time scales. Glucose generation time = hrs Acetate generation time = hrs 1011, 1010- 109 bacteria
Q: t /g = (Log Nt – Log N0) /0.301 I introduce a loopful of Escherichia coli cells (say, 1000) into…
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: You are characterizing a newly discovered organism . You have noticed that the organism grows on two…
A: A growth curve is a model of a quantity's evolution over time that is based on empirical data. In…
Q: Explain this The basic nutritional requirements of microorganisms are an energy or carbon source,…
A: Bacteria or other microorganisms grow in various media as per their nutritional requirement.
Q: You inoculate two test tubes with the same amount of identical growth medium and with the same…
A: Cellular respiration is the process by which an organism produces energy. This is classified into…
Q: Calculate the generation time in a growth experiment in which a medium was inoculated with 5 X 106…
A: Generation time is equals to duration of exponential growth upon number of generation. g= t/n.…
Q: What terms are used to describe organisms whose growthpH optimum is very high? Very low?
A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…
Q: You inoculated two tubes of liquid cuture media with 100 bacterial cells and incubated one tube at…
A: "Microbiology" is the study of microorganisms and associated topics. Microbiology has gone a long…
Q: The diagram shows the growth curve of Escherichia coli in a suspension culture containing glucose…
A: Introduction Enzyme Induction Is Still Regarded As A Form Of Negative Control Because The Regulatory…
Q: Referencing the image above, you are designing an experiment to determine which food source your…
A: Fermentation: It is the process that occurs anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen). Even when…
Q: Explain the concepts of TDT (Thermal Death Time) and TDP (Therma Death Point), and discuss one…
A: The thermal death point (TDP) of a microorganism is the lowest temperature at which all microbes are…
Q: Which of the following statements about Monod's diauxic growth curve is FALSE? The bacteria prefer…
A:
Q: Calculate the growth rate and generation time of a culture that increases in the exponential phase…
A: The growth of bacteria over a period of time is represented by a growth curve. This curve tells the…
Q: In what situations / situations does an organism resort to lactic acid fermentation? Explain. What…
A: Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic processes takes place in a higher biological system that…
Q: The term psychrophile? a. refers to an organism that has an optimum growth within the range of -5…
A: Bacteria A unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms not visible to the naked eyes.
Q: If a broth tube is inoculated with 100 cells which immediately enter exponential growth, how many…
A: The generation time, also known as the doubling time of a bacterial population, is the rate of…
Q: Define growth. Why does the lag phase in some bacteria is short or absent and the log phase of the…
A: Grоwth, the inсreаses in сell size аnd number thаt tаke рlасe during the life histоry оf аn оrgаnism…
Q: Lysine decarboxylase media is yellow after incubating an organism in it at 37 degrees for 24 hours.…
A: Lysine decarboxylase is an enzyme that is used in decarboxylation test. It is used to distinguish…
Q: Why does bacterial growth stop temporarily when the glucose supply in the medium is used up?
A: E.coli. is a type of bacterium. Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic organisms that live in wide…
Q: Growth of an E. coli bacteria in batch culture is observed. The bacteria are fed with 0.5 g / L…
A: Answer: E.coli = These are the gram negative bacteria can be found in normal human gut flora.
Q: An E. coli cell is taken from a medium contaning abundant glucose and placed in a medium containing…
A: Bacteria are often subjected to a constantly changing environment in which nutrition supply can…
Q: James inoculated a species of bacteria into KIA media and realized that it has a yellow butt and a…
A: The correct Option of the answer for the question is Option A:-lactose fermenter The yellow slant…
Q: Discuss at least three (03) anaerobic culturing techniques along with advantages and disadvantages
A: Answer: Introduction: An anaerobic organism or anaerobes are any type of organism that can grow…
Q: MacConkey agar Non-lactose fermenting Lactose fermenting colonies (lactose*) colonies (lactose-)…
A: Macconey agar is used to isolate on the basis of their ability to ferment lactose It is composed of…
Q: Label the phases of the following growth curve and describe what is happening in each phase. Make…
A: There are billions of microorganisms that are present in our surroundings. These microorganisms keep…
Q: Assume tu inoculated 100 facultative anaerobic cells unto nutrient agar and incubated the plate…
A: Facultative anaerobes are bacteria that produce ATP when oxygen is available but can also exist in…
Q: Explain the advantages of fed-batch operation mode and give an example for a type of product…
A: Fermentation is a biological process which takes place in oxygen-deprived conditions by a different…
Q: (b) Following Figure shows the effect of catabolite repression in presence of two sugars Glucose and…
A: In the given catabolite repression graph the glucose and lactose growth curve shown in the green…
Q: Make a hypothetical graph showing the growth progression of lactic acid bacteria and coliforms in a…
A: Burong mustasa is a traditional Filipino dish produced by fermenting mustard leaves and stems…
Q: The following four chemicals commonly found in defined growth media contain all of the necessary…
A: The atomic macronutrients are required in higher quantities than the micronutrients. They are…
Q: An aerobic culture is grown in a continuous bioreactor at 28C and the product of yield was found to…
A: Introduction A bacterial culture in which growth is allowed to take place in an environment with…
Q: Microbial Cell Density, Growth Curves Time (min) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Gp1 Abs 0.054 0.053 0.10 0.21…
A: The time taken by a population to double it's size is known as the doubling time. A semilog graph…
Q: how many hours will it take to produce 10^-6 grams of biomass?
A: Bacterial growth refers to the bacteria proliferation involving the division of cells into…
Q: Give other example of cereal/legume product that is fermented by molds. 2. What is the difference…
A: Fermentation is a metabolic process that uses enzymes to cause chemical changes in organic material.…
Q: List and define the four phases of growth in a bacterial growth curve
A: the four phases of growth in a bacterial growth curve: There are four distinct phases of microbial…
Q: Provide the conditions (e.g., intrinsic properties, storage conditions, etc.) that will make the…
A: Conditions essential for recovery of microorganisms from the sterile foods.
Q: Describe how to most easily calculate the generation time for a population of bacteria in a batch…
A: Bacteria grow when one bacterial cell divides to form two daughter cells. Thus, bacterial growth can…
Q: Description of how you have modified pour plate and streak culture method to see the effect of…
A: In microbiology lab, for the preparation of pure culture of a particular microorganism different…
Q: Calculate the number of cells according to the following data Ng- 1x 104, = 0 35h-1, 24 hours,…
A: This is the question related to the growth rate. Here u is the growth rate constant. Bacterial cells…
Q: Which B. megaterium culture, a culture in the exponential growth phase or a culture in the…
A: Ultraviolet radiation is a short-wavelength, non-ionizing radiation, and its wavelength ranges from…
Q: Answer the following questions about the graph below Maltose Lactose Time (hours) (i) (ii) (a) What…
A: When Bacteria are grown in a particular culture , there are remarkably various stages of Growth .…
Q: The simple dichotomous key below can be used to distinguish between the three bacteria used for the…
A: Fermentation bacteria are anaerobic, but they generate fermentation end-products by accepting…
Q: Which is an electrogenic pump? Select one: O A. sucrose cotransporter O B. Both Na+/K+ pump and H+ O…
A: Electrogenic pumps These are the primary active transporters that help in hydrolyzed ATP and utilize…
Q: Calculate the doubling time of a culture of E. coli that is started with 3x105 CFU/mL and grows to…
A: Given: No = 3x105 CFU/mL (number of bacteria at the beginning of a time interval) Nt = 4.6x108…
Q: • Analysis that compares the results obtained from the growth of S. thermophilus under varying…
A: Streptococcus thermophilus is a gram positive bacterium that is found in fermented milk. It plays a…
Q: All fermentative pathways: generate gas. regenerate NAD. shut down in the presence of oxygen.…
A: Fermentation is a metabolic process in which energy is extracted from carbohydrates in the absence…
Q: Which is an electrogenic pump? Select one: O A. sucrose cotransporter O B. Both Na+/K+ pump and H+…
A: Answer is option b.) Both Na+/K+ and H+ pump.
Q: Yeast cells has been cultured on glucose (Table 1). The growth data follows the Monod Equation Table…
A: I gave you the answers below. Thank you.
Q: e statements are given below, which will best describe why antimicrobial drugs that affect cell wall…
A: The family of medications used to treat a microbiological illness is known as antimicrobials. They…
Q: Create a scatterplot showing the change in mass as a function of sucrose concentration.
A: As the sucrose molarity in each bag increases, a greater change in mass occurs. More water diffuses…
Q: Explain the concepts of TDT (Thermal Death Time) and TDP (Therma Death Point), and discuss one…
A: Introduction Microbiological contamination is the unintentional or accidental introduction of…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
- Yeast cells grew from 19 to 54 kg dry cells m-3 in 7 hours. During this period 81 g of glycerol was consumed per 1L of the fermentation broth. Determine the average specific growth rate and the cell yield with respect to glycerol.To track cell growth and utilization of the limiting substrate in a bioreactor, the yield is typically used. The yield overline v is defined as Y = (X - X_{0}) / (S_{0} - S) Where X and S are the cell mass and substrate concentration at any time t and X_{0} and S_{0} are the initial cell mass and substrate concentration. Assume that your cells spend a time tl in the lag phase, and then transition to the exponential phase. Calculate the concentration of the substrate S, at any time point t in the reactor Use Monod equation in the exponential phase to relate mu net to mu max . Your final answer should only contain S. S_{0} X_{0} t, mu max and K_{s}It is required to recover active extracellular enzymes from a completed fermentation mediumthat also consists of proteins (<200,000 molecular weight cut-off (MWCO)) and bacterial cells (1-2μm). A cross-flow 0.35 μm microfiltration (MF) with retentate recycled back to the fermenter willbe used over a period of 5 hours during which time flux is assumed to decline linearly. After 5 hours, assuming 95% of the bacteria are retained and given the additionalinformation below, what is the concertation of bacteria remaining in the fermenter and what area,in m2 , of MF membrane is needed? Initial bacterial concentration = 1.2 gdcw /L (dcw = dry cell weight)Volume of medium at the beginning = 15 m3Volume of medium left in the fermenter after 5 hours filtering = 1 m3Initial (starting flux) = 6.5 x 10-5 m sec -1Final flux (after 5 hours of filtering) = 3.9 x 10-5 m sec -
- Explain the difference in the results obtained regarding the oxidase activity of milk on the substrate formalin? Explain in 1-3 sentencesJ. C. Servaites, in Plant Physiol. (1985) 78:839–843, observed that Rubisco from tobacco leaves collected before dawn had a much lower specific activity than the enzyme collected at noon. This difference persisted despite extensive dialysis, gel filtration, or heat treatment. However, precipitation of the predawn enzyme by 50% (NH4)2SO4 restored the specific activity to the level of the noon-collected enzyme. Suggest an explanation.How is the yield coefficient of cells per glucose calculated?
- Switchgrass is used for ethanol production. The composition of the switchgrass is 37% cellulose, 24% xylan, 3% galactan, 4% arabinan, 20% lignin, 7% extractives, and 5% ash. A dilute acid pretreatment method is applied to the switchgrass before enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The pretreatment hydrolyzes 10% hexosan and 90% pentosan into monomeric sugars. Approximately 30% of the hydrolyzed pentoses further react & are decomposed to furfural. Assume that there is no decomposition of the hydrolyzed hexoses. Further Assume that lignin, extractives, and ash do not change during the pretreatment. • How much of each lignocellulosic sugar (glucose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose) is produced when pretreating 1,000 kg (dry matter) switchgrass? How much furfural is formed? • Is water consumed or produced in these pretreatment hydrolysis and dehydration reactions? How much in each?roblem 1An aerobic biochemical process uses a CSTR w/o recycle. The feed characteristics are asfollows: Influent substrate concentration, So = 200 mg/L; half- velocity coefficient, Ks = 50mg/L; maximum, specific substrate utilization rate, k = 5 g/g- day; yield coefficient, Y = 0.5g Xa/g substrate consumed; microorganism decay coefficient, b = 0.10 day-1.1. The process goal is the production of active biomass. Determine the hydraulicretention time that the reactor should be operated in order to maximize the reactoractive biomass concentration (Xa). How does this retention time compare with theminimum solids retention time that the system can theoretically be operated?Calculate the solids retention time safety factor.2. Based on the solids retention time for maximum Xa calculated above, estimate theactive biomass concentration (Xa) and the substrate removal efficiency (E, %)The yeast S.cerevisae is cultivated for ethanol production in a 10000 L fermenter operated continuously at steady state. The reactor is fed by a 50 g/L of sucrose, with a feed flow of 400 L/h. Assuming that the yeast growth kinetics follow the Monod model and using the following information:Data: μmax= 0.1h-1 ; Ks=0.5g/L; Yx/s=0.15 g/g; Yp/s=0.45g/g. a) What are the concentrations of biomass, sucrose and ethanol at the exit of the fermenter?b) Calculate the productivity in ethanol (Pp) and sketch the curve of variation of Pp vs. dilution rate.c) In terms of ethanol productivity, would it be more or less advantageous if the reactor were operated with a feed rate of 1200L/h? Justify.
- AaBbCcDd AaBbCcDd AaBbC AaBbCcC AaB AaBbC I Normal 1 No Spac. Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Subtit Paragraph Styles BIO 121 Section Yeast cells use sugars to undergo the chemical reactions of cellular respiration. We will test the ability of yeast cells to sucrose as an energy source for cellular respiration. We will examine if various concentrations of sucrose has an effect on cellular respiration and whether the temperature also plays a role in cellular respiration Answer these questions based on the video posted: Using this data table graph the data from the experiment in the video: Amount of Foam in the Yeast Experiment| Time 20°C/RT 30°C 40°C 50°C 60°C O min Ост Ocm Ocm Ост Ост 10 min 1.5cm 4cm 11cm бст Зст 20 min 2.5cm 9.5cm 17cm 11cm 9cm 30 min 4.5cm 13cm 18cm 10cm 11cm Using the data presented in the video for the yeast experiment draw a line graph. There are time points shown 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Plot a line graph of foam level(s) for each temperature versus time (Time is on…Anaerobic production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with yeast growth. The steady-state growth kinetics of yeast follows Monod. It is intended to produce 10 kg/h of ethanol in an ideal CSRT-type fermenter, fed by a solution of 50 g/L of glucose. Size the fermenter for this purpose (calculate its working volume), setting the biomass concentration at the exit of the fermenter at 6.9 g/L.Note: CSTR = Continuous Stirred Tank ReactorData: μmax = 0.1 h-1; Ks = 0.5 g/L; YX/S = 0.15; YP/S = 0.45.(answer: V = 5435 L)Anaerobic production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with yeast growth. The steady-state growth kinetics of yeast follows Monod. It is intended to produce 10 kg/h of ethanol in an ideal CSRT-type fermenter, fed by a solution of 50 g/L of glucose. Size the fermenter for this purpose (calculate its working volume), setting the biomass concentration at the exit of the fermenter at 6.9 g/L.