Assume that the only two firms in the industry, Sundance Inc. and Moondance Ltd., have entered a collusive agreement to reduce their advertising budgets to a minimum. The resuit is that they expect to make profits of S115 million each. However, if either of them cheats. the cheater will increase its profits by $35 million at a cost of $35 million to the other firm. If they both cheat, they will each reduce their profits by $20 million. Moondance Stick to agreement Cheat on agreement Cell A Cell B Moondance: Moondance: Stick to agreement Sundance: Sundance: Sundance Cell c Cell D Cheat on Moondance: Moondance: agreement Sundance: Sundance: a. Complete the matrix by using the table above which shows the options facing the two firms.
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- Tobacco companies have often argued that they advertise to attract more existing smokers and not to persuade more people to smoke. Suppose there were just two cigarette manufacturers, Jones and Smith. Each can either advertise or not advertise. If neither advertises, they each capture 50 percent of the market and each earns $10 million. If they both advertise, they again split the market evenly, but each spends $2million on ads and so each earns just $8million (remember, advertising is not supposed to encourage more people to smoke). If one company advertises but the other does not, then the company that advertises attracts many of its rival's customers. As a result, the company that advertises earns $12 million and the company that does not earns just $6 million. Advertise Don't Advertise Smith: 8 Smith: 6 Advertise Jones: 8 Jones: 12 Jones Smith: 12 Smith: 10 Don't Advertise Jones: 6 Jones: 10 What is each firm's dominant strategy? Both firms' dominant strategy is to advertise. Both…Suppose, due to a massive global recession, only two local banks survived the recession (SMBank and A&L Bank) with equal market share. SMBank is considering several duopolistic competitive strategies, with respect to their pricing of loans, to increase profits. SM Bank hires you as an intern to evaluate all possible strategies. a) List and describe the nature of all feasible simultaneous move strategies in which SMBank may be engaged, in the context of this example. Be sure to use graphs where applicable.Suppose there is a remote stretch of highway along which two restaurants, Last Chance Café and Desolate Diner, operate in a duopoly. Neither restaurant invests in keeping up with health code regulations, but regardless they both have customers as they are the only dining options along a 79-mile portion of the road. Both restaurants know that if they clean up and comply with health codes they will attract more customers, but this also means that they will have to pay workers to do the cleaning. If neither restaurant cleans, each will earn $10,000; alternatively, if they both hire workers to clean, each will earn only $7,000. However, if one cleans and the other doesn't, more customers will choose the cleaner restaurant; the cleaner restaurant will make $15,000, and the other restaurant will make only $3,000. Complete the following payoff matrix using the information just given. (Note: Last Chance Café and Desolate Diner are both profit-maximizing firms.) Desolate Diner…
- Suppose Telkomsel and Indosat are the only two firms in the internet market. They face the following payoff when the want to invest in the research budget: When both companies invest in small budget, Telkomsel will gain Rp 40 billion and Indosat will gain Rp 50 billion. When both of them invest in large budget, Telkomsel will gain Rp 20 billion and Indosat will gain Rp 30 billion. When Telkomsel invest in large budget and Indosat in small budget, Telkomsel will gain Rp 30 billion and Indosat will gain zero. When Telkomsel invest in small budget and Indosat in large budget, Telkomsel will gain zero and Indosat will gain Rp 70 billion. a). Draw the payoff matrix b). Is there a Nash Equilibrium for that case? Explain.Suppose there is a remote stretch of highway along which two restaurants, Last Chance Café and Desolate Diner, operate in a duopoly. Neither restaurant invests in keeping up with health code regulations, but regardless they both have customers as they are the only dining options along a 79- mile portion of the road. Both restaurants know that if they clean up and comply with health codes they will attract more customers, but this also means that they will have to pay workers to do the cleaning. If neither restaurant cleans, each will earn $13,000; alternatively, if they both hire workers to clean, each will earn only $10,000. However, if one cleans and the other doesn't, more customers will choose the cleaner restaurant; the cleaner restaurant will make $17,000, and the other restaurant will make only $5,000. Complete the following payoff matrix using the information just given. (Note: Last Chance Café and Desolate Diner are both profit-maximizing firms.) Last Chance Café Cleans Up…Dan Murphy's (DM) and BWS are the only two liquor chains in Australia that hold the rights to sell a popular new beer named Victoria Sweeter (VS). Both Dan Murphy's and BWS are contemplating between charging a high price ($60 per case) or a low price ($40 per case). The payoff matrix below shows all possible scenarios and outcomes for the two firms. BWS Charge $60 per case Charge $40 per case Dan Murphy's (DM) Charge $60 per case DM: $30,000 profitBWS: $25,000 profit DM: $13,000 profitBWS: $38,000 profit Charge $40 per case DM: $45,000 profitBWS: $12,000 profit DM: $19,000 profitBWS: $20,000 profit * Profits reported in the above table are monthly figures on the Victoria Sweeter (VS) beer only. Required: (a) Identify the dominant strategy for Dan Murphy's in this game. Show a detailed analysis to prove why it is the dominant strategy (b) Identify the non-cooperative* Nash equilibrium for this game. (* Non-cooperative means that each firm makes their…
- Consider a two-player game between Child's Play and Kid's Corner, each of which produces and sells swing sets for children. Each player can set either a high or a low price for a standard two-swing, one-slide set. If they both set a high price, each receives profits of $64,000 per year. If one sets a low price and the other sets a high price, the low-price firm earns profits of $72,000 per year, while the high-price firm earns $20,000. If they both set a low price, each receives profits of $57,000. Assume also that the annual discount rate is r = 25%, or 8 = 0.8. The price-setting game in each year could be represented in the following normal form: CP (row)/ KC (column) High Price Low Price Game between CP and KC High Price 64, 64 72, 20 Low Price 20, 72 57, 57 a) What is the stage equilibrium of the prisoners' dilemma between CP and KC? i.(L,H) ii. (H,L) iii. (L,L) iiii. (H,H) b) What is the cooperative strategy profile? i.(L,H) ii. (H,L) iii. (L,L) iiii. (H,H) c) Suppose we repeated…Two oligopolistic firms have to decide on the pricing strategy. Each can either choose either a high or a low price. If they both choose a high price, each will make $12 million, but if they both choose a low price, each will make $ 8 million. If one sets a high price and other a low one, the low-priced firm will make $16 million, but the high-priced firm will make only $4 million. It is illegal for each firm to communicate with each other. a) Which strategy would both of them ultimately opt for? b) What would be the pay-off for this strategy?Suppose that GE is trying to prevent Maytag from entering the market for high efficiency clothes dryers. Even though high efficiency dryers are more costly to produce, they are also more profitable as they command sufficiently higher prices from consumers. The following payoffs table shows the annual profits for GE and Maytag for the advertising spending and entry decisions that they are facing. Based on this information, can GE successfully prevent Maytag from entering this market by increasing its advertising levels? What is the equilibrium outcome in this game? Suppose that an analyst at GE is convinced that just a little bit more advertising by GE, say another $2m, would be sufficient to deter enough customers from buying Maytag, thus, yield less than $0 profits for Maytag in the event it enters. Suppose that spending an extra $2m on advertising by GE will reduce its expected profits by $1.5 m, regardless of whether Maytag enters or stays out. Would this additional spending on…
- In the market for video game consoles, Microsoft and Sony are essentially a duopoly, with Nintendo at a distant third. Consider a purely hypothetical game in which the executives of the two companies are deciding how much they will spend on advertising. To simplify, assume that they can either spend a lot or spend a little. If both firms spend a lot, Sony's hypothetical profit will be $2 billion and Microsoft's hypothetical profit will be $1 billion. If they both spend a little, Sony's profit will be $9 billion and Microsoft's profit will be $7 billion. If Sony spends a lot and Microsoft spends a little, Sony's profit will be $8 billion and Microsoft's profit will be $2 billion. Finally, if Sony spends a little and Microsoft spends a lot, Sony's profit will be $3 billion and Microsoft's profit will be $6 billion. Create the payoff matrix for this game. Does Sony have a dominant strategy? If so, what is it? Does Microsoft have a dominant strategy? If so, what is…If you advertise and your rival advertises, you each will earn $4 million in profits. If neither of you advertises, you will each earn $10 million in profits. However, if one of you advertises and the other does not, the firm that advertises will earn $1 million and the non-advertising firm will earn $5 million. If you and your rival plan to be in business for 10 years, then the Nash equilibrium is Multiple Choice for each firm to advertise every year. for neither firm to advertise in early years but to advertise in later years. for each firm to not advertise in any year. for each firm to advertise in early years but not advertise in later years.q52 If you advertise and your rival advertises, you each will earn 14 million in profits. If neither of you advertises, you will each earn 20 million in profits. However, if one of you advertises and the other does not, the firm that advertises will earn 10 million and the non-advertising firm will earn 16 million. If you and your rival plan to be in business for only one year, the Nash equilibrium is a. for each firm to advertise. b. for the other firm to advertise and your firm not to advertise. c. for your firm to advertise and the other not to advertise. d. for neither firm to advertise.