Allosteric interactions refer to
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- Long-range interactions between residues on a single polypeptide chain are classified as quaternary structures. On the other hand, interactions between residues on separate polypeptide chains are classified as tertiary structures. O Both statements are correct O The first statement is correct while the second statement is incorrect O Both statements are incorrect O The first statement is incorrect while the second statement is correctMany enzymes are switched "on" by attachment of a phosphate group at a specific serine somewhere on the protein (phosphorylation). The basic reaction is: E + ATP2 Ep + ADP Po SERINE PHOSPHO SERINC (Note the "squiggles" before the backone amide and carbonyl indicate the polypeptide chain continues on either side of the serine). For phosphorylation to have this effect, there has to be some equilibrium between inactive and active forms conformations of the enzyme: [Eactive] [Einactive] Einactive 2 Eactive; K* The same basic equilibrium must exist for the phosphorylated protein: [Ep,active] [Ep,inactive] EP,inactive 2 Ep,active; Kp = (a) If phosphorylation increases the measured activity of the enzyme, is K* or K larger? Why? (b) Does the phosphorylation site need to be near the site where the enzyme binds its substrate (e.g. the reactant whose chemistry it catalyzes)? Why or why not?The predominant forms of actin inside a cell are ATP–G-actin and ADP–F-actin. Explain how the interconversion of the nucleotide state is coupled to the assembly and disassembly of actin subunits.
- Which of the choices are types of posttranslational modifications a newly synthesized protein may undergo? Select all the choices that apply. changes to hydrogen bonding capabilities formation of an amide bond between Cys and an isoprenyl group removal of prosthetic groups removal of the thiol group from a Cys residue modulation of charges on amino acids proteolytic cleavage covalent attachment of oligosaccharides to Asn, Thr, or SerChanging one amino acid within a protein sequence from a tryptophan to a stop codon would be best classified as Amino acids groups Group Characteristics Names Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe Trp, Met Ala: A Leu: L non-polar hydrophobic Arg: R Asn: N Lys: K Met: M Asp: D Cys: C Gly: G polar hydrophilic (non-charged) Gly , Ser, Thr, Cys, Tyr, Asn Gln Phe: F Pro: P Ser: S acidic negatively charged Asp, Glu Glu: E Gln: Q Thr: T His: H lle: I Trp: W Туr: Y Val: V basic positively charged Lys, Arg, His A) Conservative missense O B) Nonsense O C) Neutral O D) Non-conservative missenseThe following peptide that has been acetylated at the C-terminus: CH3C(O)-GEEGH-NH2 Plot the titration curve for pH as a function of mols NaOH added, indicating the relevant pKa values and the pI value on the graph, label all axes appropriately.
- Which way is more common practice to characterize the strength of a binding reaction between a protein and its ligand? Group of answer choices By its binding free energy, delta G By its equilibrium association constant K(A) By its equilibrium dissociation constant K(D) By the rate at which the biding reaction proceedsAn a-Helix (or helices) is often found at anion binding sites of different proteins. Explain this observation using a schematic drawing of a-helix. Clearly indicate the direction of the dipole and the N-terminus of the helix. Show the structure of the functional group of the glutamic acid side chain in its (general) base form.Describe the forces that are involved in the tertiary structure of a protein and give an example of each force listed.
- Imagine the main chain of a protein bends back on itself, so that two amino acid residues R, and R, come close to each other. In the table below are four possibilities for what R, and R, might be. In each case, decide whether a specific interaction could form between the residues. If a specific interaction could form, give the name of the interaction. R1 R2 specific interaction? name of specific interaction O yes serine tyrosine O no О yes valine threonine O no O yes threonine glutamine O no О yes cysteine cysteine noThe unfolding of the α helix of a polypeptide to a randomly coiled conformation is accompanied by a large decrease in a property called specific rotation, a measure of a solution’s capacity to rotate circularly polarized light. Polyglutamate, a polypeptide made up of only L-Gluresidues, has the α-helix conformation at pH 3. When the pH is raised to 7, there is a large decrease in the specific rotation of the solution. Similarly, polylysine (L-Lys residues) is an α helix at pH 10, but when the pH is lowered to 7 the specific rotation also decreases, as shown by the following graph. What is the explanation for the effect of the pH changes on the conformations of poly(Glu) and poly(Lys)? Why does the transition occur over such a narrow range of pH?Which of the following is not correct regarding protein domains or modules such as the immunoglobulin domain, growth factor domain, and fibronectin domain? each type of domain is found in a variety of proteins O they always have the same function in differend proteins O domains are hypically 40 to 100 amine acids in length O they can be present in multiple copies in the same protein domains of a certain type usuaily have the same tertiary structure