A radiolabeled glucose solution is utilized as a nutrient source for a human myocyte in order toinvestigate the metabolic response under several conditions. This system was subjected to differentconditions, and the CO₂(g) emitted is captured using carbon sequestration apparatus. Theradioactivity of the sequestered gas is then measured. The following are the conditions (a to d).Arrange them in terms of expected radioactivity of the captured gas noting that higher radioactivitycorresponds to increased concentration of CO2(g). Unless otherwise stated, all of these conditions areat room temperature. Explain the trend in 4 to 5 sentences.a. 1.0 M phosphate buffer, pH = 6.8b. 0.1 M NaFc. 0.1 M citric acidd. 100 °C

Glucose is the most favored respiratory substrate for most forms of life and myocytes (muscle cells)…

Answered: A radiolabeled glucose solution is…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter11: The Blood

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SQE

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What is the actual change in free energy at 37°C for the phosphoglycerate mutase reaction converting 3-PGA to 2-PGA in erythrocytes if after drinking a glass of orange juice the [3-PGA] = 8 mM and the [2-PGA] = 0.08 mM? The standard change in free energy for the reaction is +4.5 kJ/mol. +16.3 kJ/mol O-6.5 kJ/mol O-7.3 kJ/mol -16.3 kJ/mol +7.3 kJ/mol
Elevated blood plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (hyperphosphatasaemia) are an indication of a number of pathologies. Briefly comment on the use of alkaline phosphatase assays as a diagnostic aid for a single common medical condition. (word limit 120 words including citations and references.
Following several days at high altitude the body responds to the decreased oxygen content of the atmosphere by increasing the amount of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate it produces. Based on this information and refering to the graph below, identify the correct response from the options. Y (fraction saturation) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 20 Oxygen Binding plot 40 60 p02 (torr) 80 100 A) Curve y=high altitude and gives a greater release of oxygen to the tissues B) Curve x = high altitude and gives a greater release of oxygen to the tissues C) Curve y=high altitude and allows more oxygen to be bound at low oxygen levels D) Curve x = high altitude and allows more oxygen to be bound at low levels
During hyperthermia treatments for certain diseases, heat is deposited in the tissue via microwave heating. Write the general form of the Pennes bioheat equation for the treated tissue volume. In the equation, please include the external heating term due to microwave heating, the metabolic heat generation term, and the Pennes blood perfusion term. The local blood perfusion in the tissue volume is 5 ml/(100g tissue min) given in typical medical textbooks. (a) First convert the blood perfusion rate into a value with a unit of 1/s. The density and specific heat of blood are 1050 kg/m³ and 3800 J/kg°C, respectively. (b) The average tissue temperature is 45°C during the heating treatment. Calculate the value of the average volumetric heat generation rate represented by the blood perfusion term. What kind of roles does the blood play during hyperthermia treatment, i.e., carrying the heat away from the treatment site or adding energy to the treatment site? Please compare the calculated…
Inorganic compounds of metallic mercury are presumed from metabolic studies to distribute uniformly after inhalation or ingestion with 8% going to the liver and 92% to the total body. Biological clearance of mercury in each of these tissues occurs by two compartments, 95% with a biological half-life of 40 days and the remaining 5% with a biological half-life of 10,000 days. For an intake of 1 MBq of 203Hg (Tr= 46.61 d). Determine the following 1. Total number of transformations in the Liver. 2. Total number of transformations in the total body.
Hemoglobin glycation (so named to distinguish it from glycosylation, which is the enzymatic transfer of glucose to a protein) is a non-enzymatic process that involves reaction of the N-terminal amino group of hemoglobin and glucose. The amount of glycated hemoglobin (GHB) is usually about 5% of total hemoglobin (and corresponds to a blood glucose concentration of 120 mg/100 mL). However, in people with untreated diabetes this value may be as high as 13%, which indicates an average blood level of about 300 mg/100 mL -dangerously high. One of the aims of insulin therapy is to maintain GHB values of about 7%. Draw a possible chemical scheme for the glycation of hemoglobin.
Penicillin is hydrolyzed and thereby rendered inactive by penicillinase, an enzyme present in some resistant bacteria. The mass of this enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus is 29.6 kd. The amount of penicillin hydrolyzed in 1 minute in 10 ml solution containing 10–9 g of purified penicillinase was measured as a function of the concentration of penicillin. Assume that the concentration of penicillin does not change during the assay. [Penicillin] µM Amount hydrolyzed (nanomoles) 1 0.11 3 0.25 5 0.34 10 0.45 30 0.58 50 0.61 a) Plot V0 versus [S] and 1/V0 1/[S]. Does penicillinase appear to obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics? b) What is the value of KM? c) What is the value of Vmax? d) What is the turnover number of penicillinase under these conditions?
Human serum albumin is another protein that has an extremely long half life in the body. Due to this, the low probability event, glycation does take place. Write a rate law for this reaction: Rate = k[glucose] Rate = k[hemoglobin] Rate = k [glucose hemoglobin albumin]
In active muscle cells, the pO2 is about 10 torr at the cell surface and 1 torr at the mitochondria(the organelles where oxidative metabolism occurs). Calculate the percentage of bound oxygentransported to the mitochondria of muscle cells by myoglobin (KD = 2 torr).
If "P-labeled inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes undergoing glycolysis, would you detect "P in the glycolytic intermediates? Suppose the results are positive, explain the relevant reaction(s) and the incorporation of P that you would observe.
Assume that Ali (same patient in question 1) was prescribed vancomycin 1000 mg every 36 hours. After few days, Steady-state vancomycin concentrations were obtained before and after the fourth dose, and the peak concentration (obtained ½ hour after a 1- hour infusion of vancomycin) was 34 µg/mL while the trough concentration (obtained immediately before dosage administration) was 2.5 pg/mL. Compute a revised vancomycin dose for this patient to provide a steady-state peak concentration of 48 ug/mL and a steady- state trough concentration of 17 pg/mL. a. Estimate new rate constant (Ke) and half-life (t1/2) b. Estimate volume of distribution (Vd) using this equation Cmaxss + Cminss C. Calculate the new dose interval d. Calculate the new dose
Hemoglobin molecules exposed to high levels of glucose areconverted to glycated products. The most common, referred to as hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), contains a b-chain glycatedadduct. Because red blood cells last about 3 months, HbA1Cconcentration is a useful measure of a patient’s blood sugarcontrol. In general terms, describe why and how HbA1Cforms.

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