(a) Processive synthesis 1. (b) DNA unwinding 3'= MINNNNNNNNN (c) Helical DNA untwisting 3' 2 5 (d) RNA priming 3'= (e) DNA sealing செகண ம ம் . Nick முரும் டிய 53 35 5% 3 5 3% 53 MIMINNS PINNENNDI 3′ DNA underwound Primer ந
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- Please label the following: (A) INITIATION *Complementary strand *Template Strand *RNA polymerase *Initiation Site *Termination Site *Promoter *5' and 3' end on each DNA strand Initiation (A) FRA FORÆTSIST Elongation (B) (C) restorag Termination IND PLATIN RNA (B) ELONGATION *Exiting DNA *Exiting RNA Transcript *Template Strand *Nucleotides (ATP, UTP, CTP, GTP) *Direction of transcription PHILLI 13' DIDIYou prepare a reaction mix containing (i) DNA polymerase III, (ii) DATP, DCTP, dGTP, Mg2+, and 2,3'dideoxy-TTP (called ddTTP*), (iii) a short primer with the sequence 5'-CCTG-3, and (iv) a source DNA fragment with the sequence, 5'-AATCGTTCACGTTAGCAGG-3. What is the product of this reaction? Note that in ddTTP, both the 2' and 3' positions on the ribose sugar lack hydroxyl groups. No reaction, because the primer is not complementary to any sequence in the source DNA. O CCTGCT O CCTGC O T'T'AGCAAGT'GCAAT CGTCC O CCTGCT'AACGT GAACGAT'TJILLule should [1] De Tepicated exactly. Figure 2 represents part of a DNA molecule. 5'TT ATGC TT 3' T. C CA G tal: 5] TACG A A G 3' GTC her 5' Figure 2 (c) Show, by means of annotated diagrams, how this piece of DNA is replicated. Distinguish clearly between the original and new strands.
- 5' GTGCTAGCGGGAATGAGCTGGGATACTAGTAGGGCT 3' 3' CACGATCGCCCTTACTCGACCCTATGATCATCCCGA 5' Template Strand: 9. Using the template strand, transcribe the DNA above, Be sure you write your sequence 5 - 5 a indicate the 5' and 3' ends of any nucleic acid molecule(s). 10. Use the codon chart below to translate your mRNA into an amino acid sequence. Begin at the first codon. Third First position (5' end) Second position position (3'end) UGU Cys UAU Tyr Cc UGC Cys UGA Stop UGG Trp UCU Ser -Y UAC Tyr UAA Stop UAG Stop UUU Phe - F UUC Phe UUA Leu UUG Leu FL UCC Ser -- UCA Ser UCG Ser CGU Arg CGC Arg ER CGA Arg CGG Arg CCU Pro CAU His CUU Leu CUC Leu -- CAC His CAA Gln CAG Gln CCC Pro -P A - CUA Leu CUG Leu CCA Pro CCG Pro AAU Asn AAC Asn AGU Ser AGC Ser AGA Arg ACU Thr AUU lle AUC lle AUA lle AUG Met M ACC Thr -T ACA Thr ACG Thr A. AAA Lys K AAG Lys -R AGG Arg A. GAU Asp -D GAC Asp GGU Gly GGC Gly GCU Ala GUU Val GUC Val GCC Ala A -G GGA Gly GGG Gly A -V GUA Val GUG Val GCA Ala GCG Ala GAA Glu -E…5. The nucleotide sequences of the DNA molecules in the figure below were obtained from four different individuals, one wild type and three mutants. Wild Type 5'-TTATCCATGATCGGATCGATCCATTAGCCGA-3' 3'-AATAGGTACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTAATCGGCT-5’ Mutant I 5'-ATCCATGATCGGATTGATCCATTAGCCGAAT-3’ 3'-TAGGTACTAGCCTAACTAGGTAATCGGCTTA-5’ Mutant II 5'-CCGTTATCCATGATCGGATAGATCCATTAGCC-3’ 3'-GGCAATAGGTACTAGCCTATCTAGGTAATCGG-5’ Mutant III 5'-CACCGTTATCCATGATCGGAACGATCCATTAGC-3’ 3'-CAGGCAATAGGTACTAGCCTTGCTAGGTAATCG-5’ a) Identify the open reading frames in each sequence of DNA and translate them into proteins. Write down the sequence of amino acids that will be obtained after translation: b) Which of the mutations above would be least likely to cause a change in the function of the protein? Why? c) Which of the mutations above would probably cause a major disruption in the function of the protein? Why?22..2 if one strand of the DNA molecule has the sequence 5’ TACGA 3, The other strand would have the sequence: 3’ UACGCA5’ 3’AUGCGU 5’ 3’ ATGCGT 5’ 3 TACGCA 5’ 3’ ATGCGT 5’
- of estion 9 t of uestion THCA ▶ Sou 100- HC This reaction is Entropy is THC San Leafly ATA RNA polymerase SSSSSSSSSS ATTOGOGACATAA ATGACGGATCAGCCOCAAG UACUOCCUAGUC RNA Transcript TACTOCCTAGTCGGCOTTCOOCTTAACCOCTOTATIT (In this picture, RNA is being made by complementary base pairing with DNA.) This reaction is → Entropy is ◆5’ GGACCTATCAAAATCCTTAATGCGCTAGGATAGCTAACGCATCCAC3’ Fill in the complimentary DNA strand and label the polarity (the 5’ and 3’ ends)(a) How fast does template DNA spin (expressed in revolutions per second) at an E. coli replication fork? (b) What is the velocity of movement (in micrometers per second) of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme relative tothe template?
- smolA eno DNA -- THE DOUBLE HELIX (modified from The Biology Corner - Worksheets and Lessons) The nucleus is a small spherical, dense body in a cell. It is called the "control center" because it controls all the activities of the cell. Chromosomes, found in the nucleus, are microscopic, threadlike strands composed of the chemical DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid). Chromosomes are composed of genes, which is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein which in turn codes for a trait. It is commonly referred to as the gene for baldness or the gene for blue eyes. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick established the structure of DNA. The shape of DNA is a double helix, which is like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar is deoxyribose. Color all the phosphates red (labeled with a "p"). Color all the deoxyriboses blue (labeled with a "D"). The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases. The…On further analysis of the DNA described in conceptual questionC21, you discover that the triplex DNA in this alien organism iscomposed of a double helix with a third strand wound within themajor groove (just like the DNA in Figure shown). How would youpropose that this DNA is able to replicate itself? In your answer,be specific about the base-pairing rules within the double helixand which part of the triplex DNA would be replicated first.DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases exemplitiės Q6 DNA synthesis Growing strand Template (primer) strand DNA polymerase G NH DNA primer Mg2+ NH2 Asp- Asp- 5' P-0 3' OH OH Mg2+ Incoming DNTP H. Incoming DNTP 0-P=0 Mg H. Mg CH H. Can you' rationalize or explain why dNTP (deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate) instead of DNMP (deoxyribonucleotide monophosphate) has been selected by evolution as the reactant and a DNA polymerase is also required to catalyze the reaction (to a reasonable rate of ~1000-events per second) in living systems? Hint: Ea of the reaction without catalysis is about 30 kcal/mol.