Answered: 2. What is NAD (NAD+) and NADH?…

2. What is NAD (NAD+) and NADH? Describe them as if you were a chemist. Why is NAD needed by all cells no matter what type of metabolism they use?

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305073951

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter7: How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6SQ: Which of the following reaction pathways is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration? a....

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Concept explainers

Modes of Nutrition

It is a biological process of providing or obtaining food that is necessary for growth and health. It includes many physiological processes - absorption, ingestion, assimilation, catabolism, excretion, etc. In biology, the science that deals with nutrition's physiological and chemical processes are called "nutritional science."

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2. What is NAD (NAD+) and NADH? Describe them as if you were a chemist. Why is NAD needed
by all cells no matter what type of metabolism they use?

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1. Why are anabolic reactions that require energy always linked with the hydrolysis of a high energy compound like ATP? 2. Why is the conversion of NAD+ to NADH and H+ a reduction?
17. Which of the following chemical formula summarizes cellular respiration? Group of answer choices 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy  6H2O + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP C6H12O6 + 6H2O  6O2 + 6CO2 + ATP
6. Fill in the blanks and select the correct option [A/B/C] in the paragraph below. Although both NADH and FADH₂ bring high-energy electrons to the ETC, ultimately they produce different amounts of [ H₂O / ATP /0₂]. NADH is [oxidized / reduced] by NADH reductase resulting in 2 H*/protons being pumped from the to the [2/4/6] FADH₂ gives its electrons to [ ubiquinone / cytochrome c] which means that only [2/4/6] H*/protons are pumped. All electrons are eventually accepted by which produces water/H₂O. Ultimately, each NADH is responsible for the production of about [2/3 /4] ATP while FADH₂ makes [2/3/4] when the potential energy of the electrochemical gradient moves [ protons/electrons ] back into the matrix using the enzyme
4. How many moles of ATP would be formed from 10.5 moles of NADH and 6.75 moles of FADH₂ during electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
11. Refer to the figure below. нн Н `NH2 NH2 N' N- 2e-+H* R NAD+ NADH NAD+ functions as a coenzyme in many enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The changes that take place in this coenzyme are the same for all of these reactions and are illustrated in the figure. It is likely that, in these reactions, NAD+ functions as an electron acceptor (reducing agent) in redox reactions. functions as an electron donor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. functions as a base in acid-base catalytic mechanisms. functions as an electron donor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. functions as an electron acceptor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. +Z-
1 what is the common intermediary in the catabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids? 2 What cyclic pathway doe sthis common metabolite enter? 3 what are the roles of NAD+ and FAD in metabolism 4 what are the reduced forms of NAD+ and FAD? 5 what are the entry point for the reduced forms of NAD+ and FAD in the electron transport chain?
3. Follow the two carbon atoms that enter the citric acid cycle (C₂). Are the two CO₂ molecules given off in one turn of the citric acid cycle composed of the same 2 carbon atoms that entered the cycle? NADE + H+ NAD+ H HỌ—C–COO H₂C-COO- FADE₂ 7 0-C-COO Malate HC-COO- FAD -0OC-CH Fumarate H₂C-COO- Oxaloacetate Succinate H₂C-COO H₂C-COO CH, CO–S-CoA Acetyl coenzyme A GTP COA GDP CoA H₂C-COO- HỌ–C–COO- H₂C-COO Citrate Isocitrate CO₂ Succinyl COA H₂C-COO- CO₂ a-Ketoglutarate CoA HO–C—COO- H H₂C-COO- HC-COO- H₂C-CO-S-CoA H₂C-COO- H₂C 0-C-COO- NAD+ NADE + H+ NAD+ NADH + H+
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