A patient has their spleen removed due to an accident.  How will this affect the immune response?

Q: How may the “immunologically privileged” status of the immune system play a role in latent…

A: Some microbes can remain inactive in the host bodies. They hide from the host immune system. For…

Q: Why specifically is IgM produced upon the primary immune response while IgG is produced upon the…

A: Antibodies protect against immunogens that invade the cells. Antibodies are of five types. That are…

Q: How might IRA B cells prevent bacterial sepsis?

A: Innate response activator B cells are a subset of B-1a derived B cells that produce the growth…

Q: Statement 1: Major histocompatibility complex proteins help the immune system recognize 'self' vs…

A: An organism's immune system is a set of biological systems that protect it from disease. It can…

Q: Which of the following statements best characterizes interferons?

A: Answer ; Option (A) is right. - Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to viruses. -…

Q: What are antigens, immunogens, and epitopes, and what role dothey play in immune reactions?

A: Adaptive immunity is also referred to as acquired immunity. It is characterized as the dual system…

Q: What is the first step in the antigen-antibody interaction? phagocytosis   agglutination…

A: The antigen-antibody interaction is one of the basic and fundamental mechanisms of host immunity. A…

Q: Suppose a patient is suffered by fever with inflammation.  What will be the biomarkers to detect…

A: Inflammation It is a local defensive mechanism to the tissue damage to limit the spread of injurious…

Q: What is the difference between PAMP and antigen?

A: The immune system is studied in immunology. The immune system is a collection of cells, tissues, and…

Q: What functions does complement have in inflammation and cellkilling?

A: Ans: Complement: The complement or complement factor are the effector molecule or are the part of…

Q: Which of the following activities leads to the redness of inflammation? Group of answer choices…

A: Inflammation is the response of the immune system of the body to potentially harmful factors like…

Q: What is the difference between an antigen and a hapten?

A: Difference between Antigen and Hapten : Antigen : A toxin or other foreign substance which induces…

Q: What are the attributes of immunoglobulins produced by multiple myeloma.  Do they help the immune…

A:

Q: What are some examples of innate defense mechanisms that are chemical in nature? What is complement?

A: The immune system is complex and is made up of few organs and a broad network of cells and proteins…

Q: The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some…

A: The process of the complement system circulate in an inactive form, but in response to the…

Q: Why is the evasion of phagocytosis a type of virulence factor?

A: The chemicals that help the bacteria invade the host at the cellular level are known as virulence…

Q: What is the function of mucus in preventing infections? Group of answer choices To stimulate the…

A: Mucus is a aqueous layer that is secreted by the mucous membranes.

Q: he name of the waxy chemical found in Mycobacterium cell walls that promotes immunevasion?

A: Neither absolutely gram-negative nor gram-positive, the envelope of mycobacteria  is planned to…

Q: How is complement activation triggered in the classical complement pathway, and how does complement…

A: The complement system is also known as the complement cascade. It is a part of the immune system. As…

Q: In certain bacterial illnesses, particularly lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a…

A: Introduction :- Pseudomonas is a type of bacteria that is found commonly in the environment, like in…

Q: What are TLRS? How does this work to ensure to prevent pathogens to cause diseases? Where are the…

A: The innate immune system is the first line of protection in opposition to pathogens, which is…

Q: n addition to phagocytosis, neutrophils use a process called NETs.  Which one of the following…

A: NET:_ Neutrophil Extracellular Traps These are concerned with extracellular pathogen killing with…

Q: What do rubor, calor, tumor, and dolor mean?  What is the cause of each in the inflammatory process?

A: Rubor, calor, tumor, and dolor occurs when inflammation occurs in the body. Inflammation refers to…

Q: if someone had dysfunctional plasma cells that were unstable to secrete immunoglobulins, what…

A: Dysfunctional plasma cell:- It is the improper functioning of the plasma cells, that causes…

Q: hy cannot freeze Human Normal Immunoglobulin injection?

A: Immunoglobulin , which is also known as gamma globulin, is a therapeutic preparation which is…

Q: Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components?   A. made by the spleen…

A: The complement system is the major effectors of the humoral branch of immune system; this is the…

Q: If C3b was prevented to bind to C5 convertase, would the complement system still illicit an immune…

A: The immune system is responsible for the protection against the pathogens. The white blood cells or…

Q: Describe the initiation and activation of classical complement pathway.

A: Compliments are a group of thermo labile  enzymetic proteins found in the serum and body fluid and…

Q: What is the term that describes how pathogens alter their surface antigens to prevent antibody…

A: one of the ways infectious agents or pathogens invade the immune system of human body is by altering…

Q: What physical barrier and non-specific defenses help to prevent infection? How is a "non- specific"…

A: Hello, thank you for your questions. According to our policy, I am answering the first question. If…

Q: An antibody binding to an antigen within the body can have which of the following outcomes that…

A: The term 'Antibody' defines certain proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and act against…

Q: The primary function of the immune system is to protect the host from invasion by foreign organisms.…

A: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively to protect the body and fight…

Q: Why is complement low in lupus

A: Lupus also known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a long-term, incurable autoimmune disease…

Q: Which of the following would be unlikely to cause a cell-mediated immune response? View Available…

A: The correct option is Staphylococcus aureus. Hepatitis B virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and…

Q: Which of the following in the figure below is the most efficient form of dual opsonization of the…

A: Opsonization refers to the process of recognition and targeting of foreign pathogens for their…

Q: How do the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system provide defenses against invading…

A: INTRODUCTION The body's most fundamental and nonspecific defense mechanism is physical defense.…

Q: The classical complement pathway involves activation of the complement proteins in which of the…

A: Complement system is a cascade that assists the antibodies and phagocytes to clear off…

Q: 36

A: cell-mediated immunity rely on antigen-presenting cells that contain membrane-bound MHC class I…

Q: Which of the following are opsonins? Group of answer choices interleukins histamine oleic acid…

A: Opsonization Itvrefered to the capacity of the antibodies and the complement components to coat the…

Q: Although the complement cascade can be initiated by antibodies bound to the surface of a pathogen,…

A: BASIC INFORMATION IMMUNE SYSTEM  It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause harm…

Q: Bryan is a physician at a major metropolitan hospital. Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, his…

A: Antibiotics These are either synthetic or semisynthetic agents that prevents or reduces the growth…

Q: Why is the evasion of phagocytosis a type of virulence factor?

A: Virulence factors are substances that aid germs in invading the host at the cellular level. These…

Q: Part of the complement system of defense is opsonization. This process  Group of answer choices…

A: Opsonization can be defined as a molecular mechanism that aims to identify invading particles with…

Q: Three effects of complement activation: (1) inflammation (2) opsonization (3) cytolysis of…

A: The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins that react with one…

Q: The dead outer surface of skin (not mucous membranes) uses which of the following innate defenses to…

A: Skin Barrier One of the most important physical barriers is the skin barrier, which is composed of 3…

Q: Which of the following complement components are generated during the classical path and bind…

A: The complement includes a group of proteins that are synthesized by the liver.

Q: What are allergens? How do they cause inflammatory response inside human body?

A: Inflammation an immune response, which is triggered by the immune system in response to stimuli,…

Q: what are pathogen?

A: The microorganisms on the earth exist in different forms, shapes, sizes, and in a diverse range of…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.