What is the term that describes how pathogens alter their surface antigens to prevent antibody binding?

Q: How can an extracellular bacterium be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the…

A: T cells (also called T lymphocytes) are one of the major components of the adaptive immune system.…

Q: Encapsulated organisms can be phagocytized once antibodies against the capsule have been produced.…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…

Q: The influenza virus produces a protein that degrades interferon. How does this increase its…

A: Some viruses like influenza virus escape the anti-viral activities of interferons by gene (and thus…

Q: What is the purpose of using a secondary antibody?

A: Antibodies are the sites where antigen binding occurs on the surfaces of B- cell or membrane,…

Q: How can an intracellular virus be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the mechanism…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign antigen in order to prevent any…

Q: What is the term that describes how pathogens alter their surface antigens to prevent antibody…

A: Pathogens are the organisms which upon entering in to the  host causes infectious diseases.

Q: What is the expected result if a compromised person is exposed to a true pathogen?

A: The term 'immuno-compromised' refers to the condition of an individual whose immune defenses are…

Q: The capsule of the infecting microorganism which is composed of polysaccharides can also activate…

A: Introduction  The immune response is a set of mechanisms that the body uses to protect itself from…

Q: What term describes microbial molecules of pathogens such as peptidoglycan and LPS that can trigger…

A: Innate immunity is an in- born immunity what Ch gives protection against the invading pathogen or…

Q: what is a humoral immunity in a concept map form with 10 like words or phrases?

A: Immunity…

Q: What are passive andactive immunization?According to the duration ofthe protection how do thesetypes…

A: The immunology is a branch of science that studies and deals with the immune system of the body. The…

Q: The skin and bodily secretions provide the first line of defense against infection. One response in…

A: Skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system that covers the body and provides three main…

Q: Serum sickness belongs to what type of hypersensitivity? What causes serum sickness?

A: Hypersensitivity occurs when body produces an unnecessary and undesirable immune response following…

Q: Can Ab. Act as antigens? Explain why.

A: Antibodies are immunoglobulins that fight against the foreign particles that invade our bodies. They…

Q: Describe and give one example: artificial active acquired immunity artificial passive…

A: Artificial active acquired immunity:                      A protection produced by intentional…

Q: What is the difference between PAMP and antigen?

A: The immune system is studied in immunology. The immune system is a collection of cells, tissues, and…

Q: Which pathway of complement activation acts in conjunction with the action of antibodies? А. the…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens or it is the…

Q: Define the below statement ? "Active immunity due to immunizations"

A: Vaccination is the way toward giving an antibody to an individual to secure them against infection.…

Q: What is the difference between an antigen and a hapten?

A: Difference between Antigen and Hapten : Antigen : A toxin or other foreign substance which induces…

Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?

A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…

Q: what is the difference between  antigens and haptens

A: The general ability of the body to recognize, neutralize, and eliminate foreign substances is called…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a way that an antibody can destroy a bacterial cell? a.…

A: Ans :- option (D) is right

Q: Describe how the antibodies created from the immunizations render and antigen harmless

A: Antigen-It is foreign particle which enter in body and harmful for body.eg pathogens,bacteria etc.…

Q: What are some examples of innate defense mechanisms that are chemical in nature? What is complement?

A: The immune system is complex and is made up of few organs and a broad network of cells and proteins…

Q: What role do cytotoxic T cells play in fighting infection?

A: A cytotoxic T cell is a T lymphocyte that kills cancer cells or cells infected/ damaged in other…

Q: Why is the secondary response to an antigen so much faster than the primary response?

A: The secondary immunologic response is that the reaction of the immune system once it contacts a…

Q: Which of the following best describes the type of immunity acquired in the following example?

A: Acquired immunity is present after birth. It is specific immunity. Specificity, diversity, memory…

Q: What are three mechanisms pathogens use to block the immune system?

A: Introduction  The body's defence against infection is provided by the immune system, a vast network…

Q: Draw a graph showing antibody response on primary and secondary exposure to an antigen.

A: The immune response is the body's reaction to a foreign particle that activates an individual's…

Q: Discuss three mechanism by which antibody mediate the destruction of pathogen.

A: Antibody An antibody(Ab) is a large protein molecules. The structure of antibody molecule is Y…

Q: Why do certain drugs become immunogenic to the host?

A: Introduction :- Immunogenicity, which is defined as a cell or tissue's capacity to elicit an immune…

Q: Column B Type of immunity A. Innate Column A Clinical situation Trauma patient receives…

A: Immunity  Immunity is defined as the ability to fight against an infection caused by a foreign…

Q: What physical barrier and non-specific defenses help to prevent infection? How is a "non- specific"…

A: Hello, thank you for your questions. According to our policy, I am answering the first question. If…

Q: What is the difference between nonspecific host defenses and immuneresponses?

A: The immune system is one of the defined organ systems of the body that serves the function of…

Q: What are MHC class I and class II receptors and how do they recognize foreignness?   This is an…

A: MHC (Major Histocompatibility complex) is a type of transmembrane glycoprotein which are presented…

Q: What is Natural antibodies?

A: Biology terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…

Q: How does antigenic variation help pathogen evade a host's defenses?

A: antigenic variation It is a pathogen's defence mechanism in which certain pathogens alter their…

Q: What is the difference between non-specific and specific defenses? Contrast the two methods of…

A: The Immune system is responsible for protection from evading and foreign substances. This protection…

Q: Some pathogens invade cells; others invade tissue spaces. Explain how innate responses differ for…

A: The immune system of the body is accountable for possessing two types of response which are innate…

Q: Why is antigen-presentation important in fighting infection?

A: Antigen presentation is the process by which protein antigen is ingested by an antigen-presenting…

Q: Which type of molecule recognizes macromolecules that are present in/on certain groups of pathogens?…

A: Introduction: Phagocytosis is a process in which the phagocytic cells engulf the microbes. It is an…

Q: How could immunoglobulin cross-reactivity between foreign antigens and host cell antigens result in…

A: Introduction Immunoglobulins are antibodies produced naturally by the immune system of the body that…

Q: How can B cells generate antibodies that interact only with specific antigens among this tremendous…

A: B cells, commonly known as B lymphocytes, are a type of lymphocyte white blood cell. They are part…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.