9. L-lactate dehydrogenase: L-lactic acid:: Salivary a-amylase: a) D-aminoacid b) L-aminoacid c) a- 1,4 glycoside linkage d) D-glucose
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- 1. TRUE OR FALSE a) Higher Rf value will be obtained from dextrin than that of glucose in a reverse-phase TLC. b) Salivary amylase is used to hydrolyzed α(1à4) glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates.1. With the prevalence in food of peeled cereals or bread made from high-grade flour, hypovitaminosis B1 may occur. Explain the role that vitamin B, plays in the body. For this: a) name the coenzyme which contains vitamin B, and enzymes, which require this cocnzyme to function; b) write the process in which these enzymes are involved and explain how the process speed will change with a lack of B,; d) what discase develops in the absence of vitamin B,.Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the conversion of ... A) oxaloacetate to citrate OB) glucose to fructose 6-phosphate C) fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate D) pyruvate to acetyl CoA E) a phosphorylated 6-carbon sugar to two 3-carbon sugars
- 1) Discuss recent findings on the effects of consumption of cholesterol and saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats. Give examples of each type of fat. 2) We often think only of DNA and RNA as nucleic acids. Discuss the role of other, less “well-known” nucleic acids, such as cAMP, cGMP, NADH, NADPH, and FADH. 3) Collagen is a very important structural protein in animals. Discuss the various parts of the body in which collagen is an important structural molecule and what its function is at each body location.6. In an experiment, students used liver tissuc samples to study the cthanol metabolism and the possibility of ethanol conversion into glucose. The ethanol introduction in the investigated medium didn't lead to glucose level increase. Why is it impossible to convert ethanol to glucose? For the answer: a) provide a scheme of gluconcogenesis, indicate the substrates of this process; b) write the reaction of ethanol oxidation in the liver; c) explain whether it is possible to use the metabolites of ethanol catabolism for the glucose synthesis.37. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes a reaction that produces NADPH needed for lipogenesis? A) Glucose 6-phosphatase B) Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase C) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase D) Malate dehydrogenase E) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
- What enzyme will be used if only the non-oxidative portion of the pentose phosphate pathway is operating to produce ribose 5-phosphate? a) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase b) 6-phosphoglucono-lactonase c) glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase d) transketolaseFatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain: a) How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue? b)Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?2. After getting 300 g of carbohydrates with her meal, a student went to bed. What metabolic pathways of fatty acids have been activated in the liver about an hour after having a meal? For the answer: a) describe the glucose metabolism in the liver in this condition; b) name the metabolic pathway of fatty acids which has been activated; c) draw the scheme of this pathway and explain the fate of the end products of the pathway in the liver; d) explain the regulation of the pathway.
- Choose which enzyme is likely deficient based on the symptoms described below: Elevated blood lactate, alanine and pyruvate a) lactate dehydrogenase d) citrate synthase c) pyruvate dehydrogenase d) pyruvate kinaseEicosanoids and endocannabinoids, which are hormone-like substances, are made from which fatty acid? ? a) kinetic acid b) oleic acid c) linolenic acid d) arachidonic acid Sphingomyelin differs from phosphatidyl choline in that: a) kinetic acid is absent in sphingomyelin b) sphingosine replaces glycerol in sphingomyelin c) sphingomyelin contains 2 choline molecules Which of these lipids contains no fatty acids? a) cerebrosides b) lecithin c) cholesterol d) plant oils Which of these is an ABC transporter? a) Na/K pump b) MDR protein c) Na/Ca antiporter d) Na/glucose symporter In an ion channel, the part of the channel protein which specifically binds to the ion is called: a) a voltage-gated channel b) a ligand-gated channel c) an antiporter d) a selectivity filter Symporters and antiporters may transport one chemical species against its concentration gradient. Energy for this is obtained from: a) ATP b) NADH via oxidative phosphorylation c)…The reaction of glutamate and NH4* to yield glutamine is catalyzed by. a) Uridylyltransferase b) Adenylyltransferase c) Glutamate synthase d) Glutamine synthase