20- Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is involved in breaking down cellular waste and foreign substances? a) Ribosome b) Mitochondria c) Lysosome d) Golgi apparatus 21- What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells? a) Storage of genetic information b) Synthesis of proteins c) Regulation of water balance d) Production of energy 22- Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells? a) Nucleus b) Chloroplast c) Golgi apparatus d) Endoplasmic reticulum 23- Which of the following organelles is involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins? a) Lysosome b) Ribosome c) Vacuole d) Golgi apparatus 24- The genetic material of a cell is primarily located in the: a) Nucleus b) Mitochondria c) Ribosome d) Endoplasmic reticulum

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Microscopic examination

The analysis of minute organisms, cellular organization of any biological structure, and composition of body fluids with the help of a microscope is known as microscopic examination. The magnification of specimens or samples under study helps in attaining a clearer picture of it.

Gram Staining

Named after Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist, Gram stain is one of the most powerful staining techniques within microbiology. This technique was introduced in 1882 to identify pneumonia-causing organisms. The Gram staining technique uses crystal violet or methylene blue as primary staining colors to distinguish gram-positive from gram-negative organisms. Under a microscope, the gram-positive organisms appear purple-brown, retaining the primary color. Gram-negative organisms appear pink or red as they do not acquire the color of the primary stain.