1.12 At elevated altitudes, the body adapts to thereduced barometric pressure to extract sufficient oxy-gen to permit normal metabolic functions and do work.For example, at an altitude of 3,650 m (close to 12,000feet above sea level) the barometric pressure drops to485 mmHg. For an oxygen pressure drop in the lungsof 30 mmHg, determine the oxygen uptake rate for arespiration rate of 20 breaths per minute. Estimate theoxygen saturation in venous blood if the hematocritrises to 0.60 and the partial pressure of oxygen blood isat a partial pressure equal to 98% of the alveolar level.

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Answered: 1.12 At elevated altitudes, the body…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter11: The Blood

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SQE

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Describe the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin.
Inorganic compounds of metallic mercury are presumed from metabolic studies to distribute uniformly after inhalation or ingestion with 8% going to the liver and 92% to the total body. Biological clearance of mercury in each of these tissues occurs by two compartments, 95% with a biological half-life of 40 days and the remaining 5% with a biological half-life of 10,000 days. For an intake of 1 MBq of 203Hg (Tr= 46.61 d). Determine the following 1. Total number of transformations in the Liver. 2. Total number of transformations in the total body.
A patient carrying a mutant form of hemoglobin (KD = 48 torr) is planning to take part in a hiking trip that involves strenuous physical activity at ~10,000 feet above sea level. The mutant hemoglobin has reduced oxygen binding cooperativity (n = 2.2) and displays no major structural abnormalities. a. Calculate the percent saturation of hemoglobin in the lungs (pO2 = 70 torr at this elevation) for this patient and for an individual carrying a normal version of hemoglobin b. Calculate the percent saturation of hemoglobin in active skeletal muscle tissue (pO2 = 15 torr) for this patient and for an individual carrying a normal version of hemoglobin c. Will this patient transport oxygen from the lungs to active muscle tissues more or less efficientlythan an individual with a normal version of hemoglobin on this trip? Briefly explain your answer
Briefly explain how the respiratory exchange ratio is used to estimate which substrate is being utilized during exercise. What is meant by the term nonprotein R?
In a study of O2 uptake by muscle at high altitude, a physiologist prepares an atmosphere consisting of 79 mole % N2, 17 mole % 16O2, and 4.0 mole % 18O2. (The isotope 18O will be measured to determine O2 uptake.) The total pressure is 0.75 atm to simulate high altitude. Calculate the mole fraction and partial pressure of 18O2 in the mixture.
Given: Under normal circumstances the partial pressure of oxygen in air is approximately 160 mmHg. Let’s assume in the alveoli it drops to 100 mmHg when a person breaths 12x per minute. At the end of a 1-mile sprint a person is breathing 60x per minute, but, due to the decrease in the amount of time each breath spends in the lungs, the oxygen partial pressure is only drops to 140 mmHg before exhalation. a. How much has the amount of oxygen diffused through the alveoli increased or decreased? (Answer part a )
Anadult mouse has a respiratory rate of∼163 breaths/min and a tidal volumeof∼0.15 ml at BTP (37 ◦C) [36]. The averageO2 consumption for one strainof male adult mice is 45.5 ml O2/hour at STP. For the inspired aircomposition shown in Table 7.7, compute the expired air composition. Youmay assume that the ratio of CO2 production/O2 consumption is the samefor humans and mice
HbR is reported to have P50=14torr and a Hillcoefficient=1.2. Calculate ΔYO2 for a climber with HbR assuming that, at 14,000 ft (∼4300m), PO2=43mmHg in lungs and PO2=10mmHg in muscle capillaries.
What is the physiological significance of the shape of the oxyhemoglobin saturation curve at PO2 values between 40 and 100 mmHg?
. Measurements of oxygen binding by whole human blood, at 37 °C, at pH 7.4, and in the presence of 40 mm Hg of CO, and normal physiological levels of BPG (5 mmol/L of cells), give the following: Po, (mm Hg) % Saturation (=100 × Yo,) 10.6 10 19.5 30 27.4 50 37.5 70 50.4 85 77.3 96 92.3 98 (a) From these data, construct a binding curve, and estimate the per- cent oxygen saturation of blood at (1) 100 mm Hg, the approximate partial pressure of O, in the lungs, and (2) 30 mm Hg, the approxi- mate partial pressure of O, in venous blood. (b) Under these conditions, what percentage of the oxygen bound in the lungs is delivered to the tissues?
What effect does hyperventilation have on blood pH and why? What simple measure can be used to correct the pH imbalance and how does it work? What effect would hyperventilation have on hemoglobin O2 saturation in a normal healthy individual? What effect would a PaO2 of 60 mmHg have on hemoglobin O2 saturation and why? (explain in terms of the O2-Hb dissociation curve)
Exposure to air containing 600 ppm CO for 30 minutes results In an actual HbCO blood concentration of 10%. Estimate the percentage of the equilibrium saturation value of HbCO.

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