The History of Marketing
Marketing appeared with the first human beings, a good example for that Eve’s trial to convince Adam to eat the forbidden apple (Kotler marketing Group, 2015). Since ancient times, people were meeting together at a specific time in a specific market which was known by everyone to complete the bartering process where they exchange the agriculture and craft products, they were producing. With the advent of cash, the bartering process has stopped and turned into a sale and purchase by the currency power. It is clear that the concept of marketing in this era was limited to a simple process of sale and purchase of the product between the seller and the buyer in specific market, and this has continued until the trade
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According to Stanton “1984” marketing “1984” as a total system of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and distribute want satisfying goods and services to present and potential customers.
Marketing is the development and efficient distribution of goods, services, ideas, issues, and concepts for chosen consumer segments (Kurtz & Boone, 1984)
Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and organizations obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging value with others. (Kotler & Armstrong, 2012) The American marketing association defined it as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. According to The Chartered Institute of Marketing in United Kingdom “2015” marketing is ‘The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably ' P. Tailor of the www.learnmarketing.net see that: 'Marketing is not about providing products or services it is essentially about providing changing benefits to the changing needs and demands of the customers.
To summarize the definitions of marketing,
Marketing is the management procedure in which the product or service is moves from concept to the customer. It includes the co-ordination of the 4 P’s of marketing: product, price, placement and promotion. [tutor2u.net]
The American Marketing Association defines marketing as "an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders". (2005) Simply put, marketing is the process by which businesses assess the needs and desires of consumers in order to provide products and/or services to meet those needs in the most efficient and cost effective manner. Truly effective marketers do market research in an effort to understand their target market and create marketing strategies based on the characterization of those in the target area.
Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. (Approved October 2007) http://www.marketingpower.com/aboutama/pages/definitionofmarketing.aspx
Marketing is a very unique process that enables limitless methods or variations for an entity to appeal to a particular target market as well as to deter from a particular market. Marketing is used in more than just business; The kinds of clothes an individual wears and the attitude a person portrays can be used to market him or herself to the public for many reasons: Maybe to attract a woman a man is attracted to, possibly to impress the president of a company a person is interviewing for, and even to just create a base of his or her character in which other people will judge him or her by. Marketing is everywhere from the business side of the spectrum to relationships people have
‘Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.’ - Kotler
Concepts of marketing- marketing= a social and managerial process by which individual and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.
Marketing – The process of creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing goods, services, and ideas to facilitate satisfying exchange relationships with customers and develop and maintain favorable relationships with stakeholders in a dynamic environment.
marketing is the process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others
Marketing – is the process in which the producers of goods and services focus on satisfying the needs of the consumers. Also marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.
Marketing is a management function which involves creating, communicating and delivering value for an organisation’s customers (Kotler, Brown, Burton, Deans & Armstrong (2010). Although many earlier academics define marketing as merely a process of satisfying customer needs in order to gain profits, more recent developments of the definition include its inherent connection with delivering superior value to customers in order to maintain ongoing relationships (Webster, 1992).
Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others.(Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders, Wong page 5)
Every company depends on an efficient marketing program to fulfill customers' needs. Marketing is a process of finding out what the customer wants and meeting those requirements. Within the company, the marketing group has to consider customer values and customer satisfaction before considering offering a product. Marketing is part of our everyday world, and can be perceived everywhere and every time. At any time, everyone has been exposed to different kinds of marketing or advertising depending upon personal necessities such as T.V commercials, radio, internet, etc.
Marketing is an essentially about marshalling the resources of the organization so that they can meet the changing needs of the customers on whom the organization depends. As a verb, marketing is all about how an organization addresses its markets. Marketing is “The management process which identifies, anticipates and supplies the customer requirements efficiently and profitability”.
Marketing is a process of identifying and satisfying the consumer needs and wants by creating or exchanging product.
Marketing is a societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering and freely exchanging products and services of value with others.