Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory Model On Adolescent Girls

Health behaviors are shaped through a complex interplay of determinants at different levels. For instance, social support from family and friends at the interpersonal level, physical activity is influenced by self-efficacy at the individual level while perceptions of crime and safety at the community level. Ecological models suggest that these multiple levels of influence interact across levels. Also, social support for exercise from co-workers may interact with the availability of exercise equipment at the worksite to lead to increased physical

Healthy People implemented an extensive list of physical activity objectives targeting youth of all ages. The objectives are all aimed at promoting the health benefits of maintaining a physically active life-style. The following objective targets a major area of concern for the medical community and the increase of inactivity among today's youth; “PA-8.2.2; Increase the proportion of children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years who view television, videos, or play video games for no more than 2 hours a

Both in children’s home lives and at school, play time is becoming less important and technology is taking over. Things such as video games, iphones/ipads, and recess time being taken over by technology time are just some of the contributing factors. In a cross-sectional study of 133 non-obese children and 54 obese children (average age: 11.4) published by the International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders, obese children displayed significantly lower daily accumulations of physical activity, proving that physical Inactivity is an important contributing factor in the maintenance of childhood obesity (Trost, 2001). Interventions to promote physical activity in obese children should aim to boost self-efficacy perceptions regarding exercise, increase physical activity outlets in sports and activities in and out of school, and increase parental modeling of physical activity. If these interventions can be done

Support and encouragement through out the community can help promote physical activity. If there is a positive outlook on it and it is promoted then people are more likely to join in than in communities where it is not talked about (CDC 2013). A major point in whether the community is active is safety. If people do not feel safe in their community they will less likely go out and do something active. Compared to those that do feel safe in their

In “Motivating Kids to Move”, the authors of the journal article studied the effect that school teachers and sports stars have on children and the important role they play in motivating children and adolescents to take part in regular physical activity. A survey conducted in America by the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) in the year 2000 had children rank teachers and sports stars (72%) second to only parents (92%) as the people they admire most. The statistics provided in the article are sickening as one third of American children are either overweight or obese. The author goes on the mention that these

Informational approaches concentration on increasing physical activity by providing information that will motivate and enable people to change behavior and to maintain that change over time. The focus is fundamentally on the cognitive skills that are thought to precede behavior. The interventions primarily use educational approaches to present both general information, including information about cardiovascular disease prevention and risk reduction, and specific information about physical activity and exercise. Physical activity regimens were originally established to complement a medical model of disease management by involving communities in understanding the cognitive antecedents of behavior. Information is focused on changing knowledge about the benefits of physical activity, increasing awareness of opportunities for increasing physical activity, explain styles for overcoming barriers and negative notions about physical activity and increase physical activity behaviors among the community members(Kemper,Hernandez & Grossman,

Robbins et al. (2012) discuss in “Pilot Intervention to Increase Physical Activity Among Sedentary Urban Middle School Girls: A Two-Group Pretest-Posttest Quasi-Experimental Design” whether girls in one school that receive nurse counseling plus after-school physical activity club showed a greater improvement in physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition than girls in another school assigned to an attention control condition. The purpose was to determine whether intervention provided a significant effect to physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition. The between-subjects conditions were: the group of girls (n = 38) receiving nurse counseling plus after-school physical activity club versus the

A 60-minute interview was conducted with each participant to gather information. These interviews were non-threatening, open-ended, and non-leading. Therefore, each participant was able to give their true thoughts and perceptions on the addition of physical activity packs in their schools. The participants also got to go over and make

With respect to older adults, studies have found that individuals with greater levels of self-efficacy are more likely to engage in physical activity and report better physical and mental health. Increased levels of confidence also appear to be generalizable to the other areas of an older person’s life that require some degree of physical activity.. This study suggests that a practical, low-cost and convenient physical activity program may improve some aspects of well-being among older adults. (p. 5).

Physical activity is essential for children; therefore sport participation has many physical benefits for youths (Willox, 1994). In the United States there is a very unhealthy trend of physically unfit children going on. According to a recent study by the Harvard School of Public Health seven out of ten kids in our nation are out of shape and the incidence of obesity has increased by more than 50 percent among America's children and teen since 1976 and continues to grow at a staggering rate (Metzel & Shookhoff, 2006). When children participate in sports activities they get some of the exercise they need to improve their quality of life and can help prevent children from becoming obese. Physical activity regulates obesity because it increases energy expenditure, suppresses appetite, increases metabolic rate, and increases lean body mass (Willox, 1994). Even though regular physical sport activity has been shown to improve physical fitness, it can also help in preventing many different health problems down the line that youths who participate in sports are more likely not to develop than youths who do not participate in sports. Women who participated in organized sport and fitness programs as

This course has provided a new perspective on exercise and behavior adoption for many reasons. The first and prominent realization I had was during the behavior change project. This assignment allowed me to take a step back, and assess where I stand physically and mentally. I noticed that I lacked discipline in my diet and exercise routines. That being said, I did exercise periodically prior to this moment, but I knew that I was capable of accomplishing more and using my time more wisely. The fact that this assignment allowed me to directly apply what we learned in class in my life is appealing to me. There have been many theories and terms that we have covered, but items such as the self-determination theory, social support, and the stimulus-response theory stood out, probably due to incorporating them in my behavior change.

The article “Do school-based physical activity interventions increase or reduce inequalities in health?” is written by Kerry A. Vander Ploeg, Katerina Maximova, Jonathan McGavock, Wendy Davis, and Paul Veugelers. In this article, a study is created for students of 10 to 11 years of age by comparing with and without health promotion programs for two (2) years. This programs mainly focused in physical activity, body weight status and socioeconomic status backgrounds. The researched was done in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada where majority of the people are from low income. According to the study, physical inactivity is more common among children that are from a lower socioeconomic disadvantaged group. The article also states that “interventions that

In a study by Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) researchers, children demonstrated a misperception of their physical activity, estimating that they had engaged in one hour of vigorous activity the previous day when, in fact, they had only spent about two minutes playing vigorously. The research results are important to parents and health practitioners trying to get children to engage in significant exercise-a difficult challenge if the children believe they already are exercising enough.

Those against mandatory exercise say that if students feel it is important to exercise they will create a program of physical activity on their own and it does not need to be a part of the school. The problem with this theory is that the majority of people would stop the program if left on their own without any sort of accountability. For example, a study was done on several different exercise plans to see what results would happen over time. First the theoretical approach of self-monitoring was used. This program left individuals to attend exercise sessions on their own without any intervention from others. The overall observation was that interest in attending and exercising was lost after about four weeks. Next the approach of stages of change was used. This program used four different groups. One group received weekly calls with structured inquiry to see how and when the subjects were personally exercising. The second group received weekly calls with general inquiries about their exercise habits. The third group received a call every three weeks with general inquiries of exercise, and the last group received calls every three weeks with structured inquiries. The results were, that 63% of the subjects who were called more frequently were regularly exercising as opposed to only the 22% exercising success rate of those that were called less frequently. Also those called with the structured

Bandura (1988) mentioned that there are three aspects of the SCT, which includes (1) learning by observing others through modelling, (2) strengthening people’s beliefs in their abilities to exercise control over events to bring desired outcome (self-efficacy), and (3) enhancing self-motivation through goal-directed behavior. According to Bandura (1988), people with strong self-efficacy will focus on mastering tasks and direct their behavior accordingly. The study by Sherrington et al. (2016) mentioned about the fall prevention program “Stepping On”, which is based on the concept of self-efficacy. In addition, the strategies such as goal setting and updating home exercise manual at each visit by physiotherapist, and keeping exercise diary was implemented to maximize adherence. However, self-efficacy was not an outcome variable in this study and was not measured. It is evident that the utilization of the SCT is often common with the intervention-based research to prevent