Ap Biology Lab Report

Pill bugs live in an outside environment where they are able to get the necessary amount of energy from organic matter. This environment is where water and organic matter is plentiful. In there natural habitat, pill bugs are found in dark, damp places. Living in moist places is important for pill bugs so they can take in enough water, and if water is not available, they group together to prevent water loss. Pill bugs most often live in dark places because they have a negative photo taxis. Darker places also tend to be cooler and damper. Each experiment connected to how the pill bugs would behave in a certain environment. We were able to test these experiments in a laboratory way to see if the natural environments were also true.

If feeding efficiency and reproduction have a direct correlation, and a population started with equal proportions of individuals with each of three feeding types, metal spoon, metal knife, and plastic fork, the frequency of the population with metal spoons as their feeding structure will increase in the next generation. While the frequency of metal knifes and plastic forks will decrease. Furthermore, since the organisms with the metal spoon feeding structure have a higher fitness level, this population will evolve by natural selection to a point where the metal spoon phenotype will be in abundant. While the organisms with metal knifes and plastic forks phenotypes will decrease in frequency due to the lack of reproduction. Eventually, if this population persist overtime, most of the organisms, if not all, will have the metal spoon phenotype, while very few, if not any, will have the metal knife or the plastic fork phenotype.

2. Pin the earthworm to the tray using one pin on either end of the worm.

As an experiment I would place multiple kinds of cereal in front of a single mealworm, and record their reactions to each certain type of

The main reason of choosing the stimulus for the lab group was to conduct an experiment to see in which colored light that pill bugs prefer more out of red and blue. If pill bugs went to red more than blue lights, in which means they like bright light more. The pill bug move slowing in red side of the chamber then moves to blues side of chamber, where it return back to red side of the chamber where it stay immobile .The pill bug adapted to red and blue light which show more significant their locomotive movement.

1. Both answers are correct. There are two different models for substrate binding: lock and key or induced fit. In the lock and key model, the active site of unbound enzymes fits perfectly with the complementary shape of its substrate. In the induced fit model, the enzyme changes shape to confirm to the substrate after binding.

Ps: the iodine was already really dark so it was very hard to see much difference between the control and the others.

The major storage polysaccharide in plants is starch. These molecules would be found in abundance in the stroma in the plant tubers where it is found as granules. Glucose is stored mainly in the form of starch granules, in plastids like chloroplasts and amyloplasts. Plant starch starts out as glucose, but glucose is very hard for plants to store, so it is converted to starch through polymerization. Amyoplasts turn the glucose into starch and move it to the stroma, and in tubers the stroma is a place to store the food (starch), and when plants need the energy in the starch, it converts the starch back into glucose.

Hypothesis correct?: Yes and no. The tap water did soak up the color best, however the plants in soft water and the reverse osmosis

The pill bugs were moving more in hot environment than cold temperature and room temperature. The pill bugs made more turning in room temperature than cold and hot environment. The pill bugs made more rounds in room temperature than cold and hot environment. The hypothesis was that pill bugs will react more in moisture or humid environment that others. Based on our result, the hypothesis will be rejected. The reason why the result was not accurate can be due to limitation or errors during the experiment. The fact that the same pill bugs were used for the three trials can be considered as an error because bugs might be tired after the first trial. In future the experiment, different bugs should be used in each trial. Another error can be the condensation that occurred during the heating process. A wet paper was placed in the Petri dish. During the heating process, the water evaporated and since the petri dish was covered with led, the vapor is transformed to water, however, pill bugs do not live in water. In the future experiment, the petri dish should be kept open to avoid the

This experiment involved the testing of pill bugs and whether or not pill bugs prefer fruit over vegetables. The experiment results concluded that the hypothesis was incorrect; that pill bugs do not prefer fruit over vegetables. In the experiment, we observed twenty pill bugs over several five minute intervals. After five minutes, the number of pill bugs near the apple and lettuce were counted, as well as the ones that remained in the center of the container. The experiment was repeated, and the lettuce and apple locations were switched the second time to make sure location was not a factor in the results. In the first thirty-minute experiment, the pill bugs seemed to start off and gradually move toward the lettuce. Near the end of the experiment,

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe the pill bugs’ behaviors when introduced to a stimuli, a strong scent, and it is important to notice whether the pill bugs perform taxis or kinesis as a result of the stimuli. In addition, the purpose is to learn how to properly design an experiment is.

The experiments were performed in the science lab 1.226 at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg on October 2, 2017. The experiments were performed in a two-day process due to lack of time. Instructions were given by our TA on where to find the substances (guaiacol under the fume hood, turnip extract, peroxide, and distilled water were placed on our lab tables in dropper bottles, along with the spectrophotometer) and were told to get started. In activity 1 we will be testing 3 concentrations of an enzyme (0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 2.0 ml of turnip extract). To quantify the rate of reaction in turnips, guaiacol will be used as the color reagent. Guaiacol is oxidized when it encounters peroxide, allowing light at 470 nm to be absorbed and allowing us to measure the absorbance. In the first activity from experiment day 1, three test tubes were obtained and two clean cuvettes from our lab TA, and placed in a test tube rack on our lab tables. We used one of the test tubes to make the control, another to make the substrate and the last one to make the enzyme. We did this process 3 times to test the effects of the low enzyme concentration, medium enzyme concentration, and high enzyme concentration on the enzyme reaction rate. For the low enzyme concentration, on the control test tube we added 1.0 ml of guaiacol, 0.5 ml turnip extract, 0 ml of peroxide and 8.5 ml of distilled water, getting a total volume of 10 ml in the test tube. For the low enzyme concentration, on the

In first half of the experiment, we tested 5 different compounds which one could work as an inhibitor. When using a 5-ml pipette with a green pump, we placed 5 ml of distilled water in each small labeled test tube. After that, we went to place 8 drops of potato extract, 8 drops of catechol, drops of an inhibitor, and then drops of distilled water. The only concentration that we had alternated in the experiment would be the drops of catechol and drops of distilled water. In tube 1, we placed 8 drops of catechol with 8 drops of distilled water in the tube, containing NO potato extract. In tube 2, we placed 8 drops of catechol, NO distilled water, and 8 drops of potato extract. In tube 3, we placed NO drops of catechol, 8 drops of

The experiment that the class worked on was about peroxidase. Peroxidase is part of the enzyme group that presents most living organisms (Ahmed, 2013). Peroxidase interferes with the removal of hydrogen peroxide (Ahmed, 2013). Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic product that have normal metabolism before it causes any cell damages (Ahmed, 2013). Peroxidase has two substrate and both of them must present a reaction (Ahmed, 2013). One of the two substrate is H2O2 and other one just depends on the organism or the cell type (Ahmed, 2013). The substrate that the class uses is turnip extract. In the class there were five experiments to do but the class were assigned into groups and each group were going to do two experiment. The names of the experiments are: Baseline, Temperature, and pH.