The innate defenses that take place when a pathogen lands on the skin. Introduction: Innate immune responses can be of two types. The first line of innate responses is the physical barriers, which the pathogen encounters like skin, mucous membranes, and chemicals. The second line of innate immune response is the cell-derived responses and include phagocytosis, complement system response, inflammation, and fever.

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Chapter 41.2, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

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The innate defenses that take place when a pathogen lands on the skin.

Introduction:

Innate immune responses can be of two types. The first line of innate responses is the physical barriers, which the pathogen encounters like skin, mucous membranes, and chemicals. The second line of innate immune response is the cell-derived responses and include phagocytosis, complement system response, inflammation, and fever.

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1) According to the video, what is another name for the innate immune sys and what does this system do? 2) According to the video, what causes inflammation and what cells cause it? 3) According to the video, what happens to neutrophils after they consume a pathogen? 4) According to the video, natural killer cells; what do they do? 5) The adaptive/acquired immune system can tell the difference between types of pathogens: true or false? 6) According to the video, helper t- function: 7) According to the video, cytotoxic t cells function: 8) According to the video, memory cells function:

Draw a figure illustrating the sequence of events in a typical inflammatory response to a bacterial infection caused by injury to the skin (in 3 main stages). Include a note at top of figure: Is this an example of an innate response or adaptive immune response? Include the following structures/cells/chemicals: epidermis, dermis, splinter contaminated with bacteria puncturing skin, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, nitric oxide (as blue dots), endothelial cells lining capillary, red blood cells within capillary, histamine (as green dots). Under each stage, describe the events occurring in the 3 main stages: Stage 1: What do mast cells and endothelial cells produce in initial response to injury? What do the chemicals produced by the cells do? Stage 2: What happens to capillaries? What leaks out of capillaries to enter the site of the wound? Stage 3: What do neutrophils and macrophages do? What happens to capillaries at this point?

Part of the complement system of defense is opsonization. This process coats the pathogen exterior so that it is recognized by the host's phagocytes. creates an acidic environment that prevents pathogen attachment causes holes to form in the pathogen's cell walls. causes the pathogen to become trapped in mucus.