You are analyzing the immune response of an ill patient. The patient's serum contains low levels of IgG and interferon molecules but is dominated by IgE antibodies and the production of the cytokine IL-4. What type of infection is MOST closely associated with this immune response?

You are analyzing the immune response of an ill patient. The patient's serum contains low levels of IgG and interferon molecules but is dominated by IgE antibodies and the production of the cytokine IL-4. What type of infection is MOST closely associated with this immune response?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3QP: The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Name the class of molecules...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: The pedigree shows a family with a 100% penetrance, X-linked recessive disease. What's the chance…

A: Within the case of an X-linked recessive disease, a male (XY) will show disease symptoms in the…

Q: What is the first change to the cervix that happens called, and what is that change

A: Cervix is tunnel-like female reproductive organ. It is lowest part of the uterus. It connects uterus…

Q: Which of the following is an effect of cocaine and amphetamine? Group of answer choices Blocking…

A: Cocaine and amphetamines are stimulants. Drugs known as stimulants accelerate the flow of…

Q: Which is NOT correct about HPV? It establishes life long latency in the sensory neuron ganglia. It…

A: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of related viruses that can infect the genital and oral areas…

Q: Consider a different mutant allele in gene V (allele ID: v4). Interestingly, many (but * not all)…

A: The vulva in C. elegans is a model system for studying cell differentiation and organogenesis. Its…

Q: Birth Control Mechanisms (pick 5 and describe how it prevents pregnancy and how it’s used

A: When a fertilized ovum is planted in the uterus and develops into a fetus and embryo, the pregnancy…

Q: Which of the following statements about surface tension is false? O a. In alveoli, water molecules…

A: This question are belong from these two topicsSurface tension is a property of liquids that arises…

Q: If you discovered a new type of nucleated cell in a lake near your home,how would you determine…

A: Discovering a new type of nucleated cell in a lake near your home is an exciting scientific finding.…

Q: Which of the following is not a hitrogenous base? Amine Guanine Cytosine Adenine Thymine 00

A: A non-competitive inhibitor is a type of enzyme inhibitor that binds to an enzyme at a location…

Q: Question 5 Imagine that a novel life-form is found deep within Earth's crust. Although its DNA is…

A: The question inquired is about a theoretical life form with a unique hereditary code. Particularly,…

Q: You receive an order for the following Nonsterile Compounding recipe: Magic Mouth Wash 4 oz…

A: The provided prescription involves a compounded medication referred to as Magic Mouth Wash,…

Q: Compare and contrast the nervous organs, special features present in the following vertebrates.…

A: neural System: Generally speaking, fishes have a rather basic neural system. Although they exist,…

Q: mRNA is synthesized in the direction. direction, which corresponds in The____ of the protein A,…

A: mRNA transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into a complementary RNA molecule…

Q: What are the Laetoli footprints? A. Fossilized footprints of Ardi walking across the…

A: The Laetoli footprints are a significant archaeological discovery that provides insight into the…

Q: 10. Identify the mismatched pair. a. Antagonistic hormones | Insulin and Glucagon b. Regulation of…

A: The human body is composed of several systems, each with specific structures and functions. Here are…

Q: Indicate whether the changes in respiratory volumes or capacities described are observed A) during…

A: Respiratory volumes and capacities are measures used to quantify the amount of air involved in…

Q: Draw the structure of the tripeptide Lys-Pro-Thr?

A: Amino acid chains that are joined together by peptide bonds are called peptides. A longer,…

Q: The center solid curve represents the oxygen dissociation of hemoglobin, pH, Oxyhaemoglobin (%…

A: It has been asked about the Bohr impact, a physiological phenomenon that portrays how hemoglobin's…

Q: A consumable resource which multiple people can use simultaneously and from which individuals cannot…

A: Ecosystem Service: This refers to the various benefits that humans receive from the natural…

Q: Which of the following mechanism will be activated if there is a shortage of cellular and…

A: Calcium ions play a very important role in muscle contraction, neurotransmission, formation of…

Q: Tiktaalik is a fish that lived 375 million years ago that grew to three metres long and had aquatic…

A: The study of evolutionary processes and speciation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms…

Q: Compare and Contrast Vascular System, Fill in the table Characteristic Features Veins Arteries…

A: Blood is circulated all through the body by the vascular system, commonly referred to as the…

Q: Which of these contributed to humans beginning to abandon a hunter-gatherer lifestyle approximately…

A: The question is asking about the factors that led to the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle…

Q: °In a flock of chickens, rose comb is dominant over the single comb. Approximately 60% of the…

A: The Hardy Weinberg principle referred to as the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law…

Q: 1. What increased proportionately more with moderate exercise, TV or breathing rate (frequency of…

A: Identify the change in tidal volume (TV) and breathing rate.Tidal volume (TV) increased from 500 mL…

Q: 20. Look at Figure 4.gadmpin so om What do you notice about the protein channels in this picture? b.…

A: Conceptual SummaryThe starting point of the original model is that the nerve membrane (specifically,…

Q: how bcl-2 participate in apoptosis

A: Apoptosis is firmly directed by an assortment of proteins, among which the Bcl-2 family plays an…

Q: What steps are taken for oxygen and by products to transport to the human body

A: The respiratory system is a crucial biological system that facilitates gas exchange within the body…

Q: Identify the type of linkage found between two glucoses when they combine to form maltose. I 00000…

A: A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the…

Q: List or briefly describe 3 different adaptations that help mammals keep themselves warm 1. 2. 3.

A: Adaptation is a process by which organisms adjust to the environment or changes or processes the…

Q: What was childbirth like for Lucy and her species? A. Giving birth was hard, and other…

A: The question is asking about the childbirth process for 'Lucy' and her species. 'Lucy' is a common…

Q: The pedigree shows a family with a 100% penetrance, X-linked recessive disease. What's the chance…

A: Within the case of an X-linked recessive disease, a male (XY) will show disease symptoms in the…

Q: This data shows the efficacy of different treatments on the survival rates of patients with…

A: The figure mentioned appears to be about the viability of distinctive medications on the survival…

Q: Phycobiliproteins are complex proteins in cyanobacteria that absorb light energy. There are three…

A: The subject concerns the part played by phycobiliproteins in cyanobacteria and how photosynthesis is…

Q: What are the steps that Aconitase facilitates in changing Citrate to Isocitrate? 2. What does the…

A: The catalytic mechanism of aconitase is a pivotal process in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle,…

Q: video answer the following questions in your exercise book: What is the endocrine system? What is it…

A: Endocrine system, lymphatic system and the urinary system are the different physiological systems…

Q: cransporter proteins to move CO2 out of her bloodstream Her blood vessels will always be constricted…

A: Increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood is called hypercapnia. Chronically high…

Q: Intro to Neuroscience Question: An individual who has voluntary facial paresis has aberrations in…?

A: Voluntary facial paresis is a condition characterized by weakness of the facial muscles during…

Q: A gene is constitutively expressed when it is: a. always copied into RNA, and the RNA is always…

A: Gene expression is a fundamental process within living organisms, tightly regulated to orchestrate…

Q: The Nutrition Facts label on most food products shows % daily values based on a food energy…

A: The sophisticated process of turning food energy into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), that operates as…

Q: True or false? Reasons that are acceptable by many for C-sections include all except triplets.

A: Cesarean section (C-section) is a surgical procedure performed for delivering a baby through cuts…

Q: Which of the following mammals has the highest metabolism (measure in kcal/hour used) of those…

A: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimum amount of energy your body needs to function while you are…

Q: Restriction sites are palindromic, which means that they read the same in the 5′ to 3' direction on…

A: A palindrome sequence refers to a specific pattern of nucleotides that reads the same forward and…

Q: Intro to Neuroscience Question: An individual who has voluntary facial paresis has aberrations in…?…

A: The answer is c. Both their descending pyramidal and extrapyramidal projections from motor cortex…

Q: Which one of the following statements best describes the mechanism by which the "cell cycle control…

A: The question is about the cell cycle control framework, a pivotal biological process that guarantees…

Q: Which of the following are involved in gene regulation in eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes?…

A: In a cell, all the proteins necessary for its proper functioning are encoded in it's DNA. But, not…

Q: What is the probability VII-2 be a carrier? A) 1/4 B) C) D) 1/3 E) 2/3 F) 1

A: The pedigree indicates a recessive disease since it follows the pattern of occurring rarely unless…

Q: The cell body of primary somatosensory neurons is located where? in the skin in the dorsal root…

A: Somatosensory neurons, also known as somatic sensory neurons, are a type of sensory neuron…

Q: Why can’t scientists just do DNA analysis on these fossil hominins to determine if they are a…

A: The objective of the question is to understand the challenges that scientists face when trying to…

Q: Which of the following properties are shared by all stem cells? O Both A and B are correct O (A)…

A: Stem cells are special human cells that can develop into many different types of cells, from muscle…

Concept explainers

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.

Question

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1: Introduction about Immune Framework

VIEW

Step 2: Evaluation of the sort of infection closely related to this immune response

VIEW

Solution

VIEW

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

Neutralizing antibodies are effective at preventing infection or toxicity mediated by pathogens or their toxic products. In fact, nearly all vaccines currently in use function by eliciting neutralizing antibodies. One example is the tetanus vaccine, in which neutralizing antibodies are generated against an inactivated form of the tetanus toxin (the tetanus toxoid). The most important feature of a neutralizing antibody is having high affinity for the antigen. being efficient at activating the complement cascade. having a high degree of multivalency, such as being a pentamer or hexamer of immunoglobulin monomers. being present at a high concentration in the circulation. 0 0 0 0
What are the roles of the following cytokines in defense against infections: 1) TNF 2) IL-12 3) Type I Interferon
1) According to the video, what is another name for the innate immune sys and what does this system do? 2) According to the video, what causes inflammation and what cells cause it? 3) According to the video, what happens to neutrophils after they consume a pathogen? 4) According to the video, natural killer cells; what do they do? 5) The adaptive/acquired immune system can tell the difference between types of pathogens: true or false? 6) According to the video, helper t- function: 7) According to the video, cytotoxic t cells function: 8) According to the video, memory cells function:
Which of the following are true of interferons? Select all that apply. O They are a critical part of the innate immune system in fighting bacterial infections O They are a part of the second line of defense against viruses O They degrade viral DNA O They are signaling molecules produced by infected cells to help uninfected cells defend themselves agains viruses O They are part of innate immunity O They are part of adaptive immunity and are "trained" by the immune system to eliminate specific pathogens
Which of the following is NOT an example of non-specific (innate) resistance mechanisms interacting directly with specific acquired immunity mechanisms? what option below is the answer? Antibodies binding to bacterial surface antigens, coating (opsonizing) the bacteria and enhancing their phagocytosis by leukocytes Macrophages and dendritic cells presenting antigens to lymphocytes None of the other four answers (All are examples of interaction between innate and acquired resistance) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity Complement being activated by antigen-antibody binding
The innate immune response together with antibodies are generally not effective at clearing infections established by pathogens that replicate inside host cells. The evolution of T cells has provided a means for the immune response to ‘see’ intracellular infections based on the ability of T cells to: Secrete cytokines that diffuse into the infected tissue Activate type I interferon production by macrophages and dendritic cells Activate macrophages to induce inflammation Recognize pathogen-derived peptides on host MHC surface molecules Express cytoplasmic sensors for detecting pathogen-derived nucleic acids
Opsonization of pathogens by both antibodies and complement proteins (C3b) leads to uptake and destruction of the pathogen by phagocytic cells that express both Fc receptors and complement receptors. Which of the following in the figure below is the most efficient form of dual opsonization of the pathogen by antibody and C3b to maximize phagocytosis?
Helper T cells are affected by HIV, how come is this receptor key to the immune system? which line of defense are we referring to? How is it connected to the immune system and which line of defense? Hence, based on your prompt, how are cytokines linked to the defense mechanism of HIV virus? Do you know or can you explain the cascade of events dealing with PAMPS, TLRs, interferon? What do they have to do with the second line of defense?
Which of the following is NOT an example of non- specific (innate) resistance mechanisms interacting directly with specific acquired immunity mechanisms? Complement being activated by antigen- antibody binding Macrophages and dendritic cells presenting antigens to lymphocytes Antibodies binding to bacterial surface antigens, coating (opsonizing) the bacteria and enhancing their phagocytosis by leukocytes None of the other four answers (All are examples of interaction between innate and acquired resistance) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Describe in chronological order the steps involved in the recruitment of neutrophils to infected tissue sites during an innate immune response. Use the following terms in your description: rolling adhesion, tight binding, extravasation, migration, inflammatory mediators, integrins, adhesion molecules, chemokines, selectins, sialyl-Lewisx, and basement membrane proteases.
Ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes is mediated by receptors for the bound complement proteins. Even when the complement cascade fails to proceed beyond generating the C3 convertase, complement activation is effective at inducing pathogen uptake and destruction. This process of immune protection is mediated by: Activation of complement inhibitory receptors on phagocytes that promote pathogen uptake Activation of soluble proteases in the serum that disrupt pathogen membranes Engagement of complement receptors on phagocytes by C3b and its cleavage products which promotes phagocytosis Engagement of complement receptors on B cells that promotes antibody production Stimulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion by phagocytes
The effector mechanisms that are recruited to clear an infection depend on the infectious agent. In addition to producing distinct innate responses locally at the site of infection, the different cytokines produced during type I, type 2, or type 3 immune responses also induce distinct adaptive immune responses that are tailored to the eradication of the three different classes of pathogens. One example is the production of different classes of antibodies during type I, type 2, or type 3 responses. Which step during the induction of the adaptive immune response is the key to generating and coordinating the three different immune modules?