Which one of the following is NOT an acquired resistance mechanism exhibited bybacteria to protect them from the action of antibiotics?AdaptationO Variations in the structure of cell wallO Acquisition of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistant genesO MutationO Transposons carrying antibiotic resistant genes

Introduction Small, single-celled organisms are known as bacteria. Nearly all areas of the world…

Which one of the following is NOT an acquired resistance mechanism exhibited by bacteria to protect them from the action of antibiotics? O Adaptation O Variations in the structure of cell wall O Acquisition of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistant genes O Mutation O Transposons carrying antibiotic resistant genes

Which one of the following is NOT an acquired resistance mechanism exhibited by bacteria to protect them from the action of antibiotics? O Adaptation O Variations in the structure of cell wall O Acquisition of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistant genes O Mutation O Transposons carrying antibiotic resistant genes

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter15: Biotechnology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SA: Reverse transcriptase assembles an ________ on an _______ template. a. mRNA; DNA c. DNA; ribosome b....

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What is the purpose of this structure at the end of the arrow that makes the bacteria more pathogenic? O used for cell reproduction O used for attachment and enter the host cell O used to prevent phagocytosis/ engulfment by immune cells O used to transfer plasmid DNA for antibiotic resistance between cells in conjugation
The process by which non-viral DNA is brought into a bacterial cell by a phage is referred to as Transformation OTranslation O Vaccination O Ligation O Transduction O Transposition Conjugation
A) A bacterium that has an F plasmid is able to do which of the following? Group of answer choices resist antibiotics survive in very harsh environments such as hypersaline lakes grow a cell wall form conjugation tubes and pass on their DNA to other bacteria reproduce sexually B) horizontal gene transfer refers to bacteria's ability to Group of answer choices make peptidoglycan for their cell walls transfer DNA to offspring, or "daughter" cells transfer DNA only when on horizontal surfaces, such as a table top transfer pieces of DNA to other cells in the population engage in mutualisms with certain species
The Archaea is similar to the Eukarya in the following characteristic except? initiator 1RNA (protein synthesis) O 16S FRNA nucleotide sequence sensitivity to antibiotics types of RNA polymerase The Archaea differ from the Eubacteria in the following characteristic except: * O initiator tRNA (protein synthesis) origin of DNA replication sensitivity to antibiotics types of RNA polymerase
All of the following could transfer antibiotic resistance genes during horizontal gene transfer EXCEPT transposons chromosomal DNA ribosomes O conjugative R plasmids
Phages hijack the metabolism and machinery of bacteria by injecting the of the virus into the host cell. O Protein Coat Genetic Material Bacterial DNA O Plasmid
Which of the following structures contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance? Plasmid Pilus Capsule Plasma Membrane ?
Conjugation between bacteria is an example of: O sexual reproduction asexual reproduction O a viral infection O the beginning of a new gene family O horizontal transfer
The process in which recipient bacterial cells acquire genes from cell-to-cell contact with other cells is called O Transposition Vaccination O Ligation Transduction O Conjugation O Transformation O Translation
Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why are antibiotics ineffective in treating the common cold and other virus infections?
Reverse transcriptase assembles an ________ on an _______ template. a. mRNA; DNA c. DNA; ribosome b. cDNA; mRNA d. protein; mRNA
Endogenote Exogenote Mating bridge Sex pilus Mating bridge HEYROBIOL MUURMAN III IIII III III A tube connecting an F+ to an F- bacterium during HGT that single-stranded DNA can be passed through. The DNA naturally occurring inside a host cell. Connection between a donor bacterium and a recipient that a single strand of DNA is passed through. Attaches to a recipient bacterium to stabilize it during horizontal gene transfer. A single strand of foreign DNA.