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1. How are the lifestyle (free – living vs
2. What are the different adaptations of phylum Annelida in different habitat?
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- 1. Compare and contrast the efficiency of the different organ systems and adaptations between cnidarians and ctenophorans. Which is more efficient overall and why? 2. What are the major adaptations and characteristics present in free-living flatworms that are absent in their parasitic counterparts? Discuss how these characteristics support their lifestyles.2. Describe, compare and contrast movements in the major annelid groups: surface crawling in polychaetes, burrowing in oligochaetes, and "inch- worming" in hirudineans. Be sure to address: means of attaching to substrate, muscles employed, and the role of parapodia, setae, and the coelom.1. State the function of the following parts of the genus Romalea (grasshopper): antenna, tympanum, spiracles, ovipositor (female), gastric caeca, malphigian tubules, tracheae, air sacs What are the hairlike appendages called that anchor into the skin of annelids? What structures do earthworms have to help dispose of nitrogenous wastes? Briefly describe how earthworms reproduce and what structures are involved.
- 1. What are the harmful effects of flatworm in man? 2. What phylum is the first to exhibit an organ-system level of oragnization?1. What are the criteria that delimit Phylum Echinodermata to its classes? and give the economic importance of echinoderms.1. What are the bases of classifying cnidarians? 2. What are the two body form characteristics of Cnidarians? 3. What are the factors influencing the coral colony morphology?
- 1. Account for the distribution of annelids. What are the major adaptations of annelids found in deeper parts of the marine environment? 2. What dictates the type of reproductive strategies that should be employed by an annelid?1. Define sessile. Name an invertebrate with a sessile adult stage. 2. Sponges have specialized cells called collar cells. Describe how collar cells are specialized for the functions they serve. 3. What is a nematocyst? What is its function? 4. How do coral reefs form? 5. How do free-living nematodes contribute to the carbon cycle? 6. Describe the basic body plan of a mollusk. 7. What are gills? What is their function?2. Differentiate between the rhabditiform and filariform of Ancylostoma, Necator and Trichostrongylus. 3. Why do we have to use special techniques for the recovery of pinworm eggs?
- 1. Cite 5 characteristics of sponges: 2. Which characteristics are unique to ctenophores? 3. Cnidarians are diploblastic, possessing an ectoderm and endoderm. Name the gelatinous nonliving material found between these two tissues. What cells are found within this gelatinous tissue? List the functions of these cells. 4. Polyp body consists of a tubular sessile body. True or false? 5. Define radial and bilateral symmetry, and protostomes and deuterostomes: 6. The presence of two different body forms, or dimorphism, is seen in the phylum Cnidaria. The form resembles an "upside-down cup" with tentacles, and the body form consists of a tubular sessile body. Hydra is an example of the body form, and a jellyfish is an example of the pody form.1. What are the characteristics which differentiate annelids from anthropods? and what is the economic importance of arthropods?1. What are the major differences between free – living and parasitic nematodes when it comes to morphology, adaptations, reproductive strategies, and other aspects of their biology? 2. Why are parasitic infections of nematodes still common despite our understanding of their biology? Explain if these infections are due to the adaptations of these parasitic helminths or our lapses in their control and eradication.