Order the following events that occur during a nerve impulse. a few milliseconds behind the Na channels, K channels open and allow K into the cell (-70 mV) Na voltage-gated channel opens and Na leaves the cell (-55 mV) some stimulus is detected (-70 mV) more Na outside the cell causes other nearby Na channels to open (+35 mV) the cell rebalances the Na and K ions in preparation for the next impulse (~3-4ms)

Order the following events that occur during a nerve impulse. a few milliseconds behind the Na channels, K channels open and allow K into the cell (-70 mV) Na voltage-gated channel opens and Na leaves the cell (-55 mV) some stimulus is detected (-70 mV) more Na outside the cell causes other nearby Na channels to open (+35 mV) the cell rebalances the Na and K ions in preparation for the next impulse (~3-4ms)

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYK: In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the refractory period begins as the K+ channel opens,...

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In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the refractory period begins as the K+ channel opens, allowing K+ ions to flow outward along their concentrationgradient. b. Na+ ions flow out of the axon with their concentration gradient. c. positive charges lower the membrane potential to its lowestaction potential. d. gated K+ channels open at the same time as the activationgate of Na+ channels closes. e. the depolarizing stimulus lowers the membrane potential toopen the Na+ gates.
Place the following events in chronological order from 1-8: Nat enters the cell, and depolarization occurs to approximately +30 mV. The voltage across the cell membrane is -70 mV, the resting membrane potential. Upon reaching the peak of the action potential, the VG Nat channels are inactivated by the closing of their inactivation gate and the activation gate of each VG K channel opens. VG K channels close by the closing of their activation gate, and the resting membrane potential is gradually restored. An excitatory post-synaptic potential depolarizes the membrane to threshold and the activation gate of VG Nat channels open. Upon returning to the resting membrane potential, VG Na channels are reset by opening of the inactivation gate and the closing of the activation gate. VG K+ channels are slow to close, resulting in an excess of K* efflux and hyperpolarization. Depolarization occurs as K+ flows out of the cell.
Consider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential, depolarization, and hyperpolarization. Figure out which one is which, then draw them in the order they occur in a cell that undergoes an action potential outside + Na* inside K* Na* Nat K Nat K Na potential: -80 mV outside + Na K* Na* inside Na+ K Nat Na* K+ potential: +30 mV outside Na Na Na Na* K+ inside K* Na* Kt potential: -70 mV
A typical intracellularly recorded nerve action potential approximates 80 mV. Why were the recorded action potentials from the earth worm so much smaller? They were recorded from much smaller axons They were recorded extracellularly They were recorded following very short durations of stimulation They were recorded following very small depolarizations
What membrane protein of the neuron is responsible for briefly increasing the Na+ permeability of the membrane during the rising phase of the nerve impulse? the sodium-potassium pump the voltage gated potassium channel the voltage gated sodium channel the stimulus gated sodium channel the ligand gated ion channels
Channel labels Voltage-gated K* channels Voltage-gated Na+ channels Ligand-gated Na+ channels Voltage-gated K* channels lon movement labels K+ exits cell Na+ enters cell K+ exits cell Na+ enters cell Graded potential Depolarization (EPSP) +30 mV -70 Time (msec) +30 mV -70 Depolarization Action potential Time (msec) +30 mV -70 Repolarization Time (msec) +30 mV Hyperpolarization Overshoot -70 Time (msec)
Parkinson's Disease Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement. Most people affected with Parkinson's disease demonstrate rigidity, slow movement, and shaking. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease occur when the cells that produce dopamine neurotransmitters die in the brain. Explain how the signal transmission at a synapse in an individual with Parkinson's disease is different than an unaffected individual. Describe the normal process of signal transmission at a synapse. Start with the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal and include the name of the neurotransmitter that is affected by Parkinson's disease. Explain how the process is different in individuals affected with Parkinson's disease.
Given the steps shown below, which of the following is the correct sequence for transmission at a chemical synapse? 1. neurotransmitter binds with receptor 2. sodium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm 3. action potential depolarizes the presynaptic membrane 4. ion channel opens to allow particular ion to enter cell 5. synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 O 5, 1, 2, 4, 3 O 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 O4, 3, 1, 2, 5 O 3, 2, 5, 1, 4
Put the following steps that occur at the synapse during information transfer between neurons in order. 1 [ Choose ] [Choose ] Calcium causes release of neurotransmitter from cells Channel proteins open to allow Na+ into cells and generate an action pote Neurotransmitter binds to a specific receptor on post-synaptic neuron Neurotransmitter diffuses into synaptic space Action potential arrives and causes Ca2+ to diffuse [ Choose 4 [ Choose ] [ Choose ]
The traces below show the action potential waveforms in an external meidum of different concentrations of * 40 100% 50% 33% 40 1 2 time (msec) calcium chloride potassium O sodium
In an experiment, the extracellular [Na+] surrounding a nerve cell was reduced from 145 to 45 mM. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this on action potentials? No action potentials would occur because the concentration of extracellular Na+ is too low. The membrane potential would become more negative so the threshold for action potential generation could not be reached. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarisation phase would be slower. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarization phase would be more rapid.
Draw a chain of two neurons that synapse on one another in sequence. Label the presynaptic and postsynaptic ends of each neuron, the cell bodies, dendrites, axons, axon hillock and axon terminals, location of voltage gated Ca²+ channels, location of voltage gated Na+ channels, location of voltage gated K* channels, location of Na*/ K+ pumps, location of neurotransmitter storage, location of neurotransmitter receptors. Consider your drawing and describe the function of neurons. Include an explanation why neurons are considered polarized cells and how this relates to their function. (Polarized here is not referring to membrane potential as all cells have a membrane potential). This means you will need to explain the location of different channels in the neuron and the relationship of the channels to the function of a neuron.

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	a few milliseconds behind the Na channels, K channels open and allow K into the cell (-70 mV)
	Na voltage-gated channel opens and Na leaves the cell (-55 mV)
	some stimulus is detected (-70 mV)
	more Na outside the cell causes other nearby Na channels to open (+35 mV)
	the cell rebalances the Na and K ions in preparation for the next impulse (~3-4ms)