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- Bacteria have a single circular chromosome while human cells have 46 linear chromosomes. This means bacteria are considered half lloyd having only one copy of each gene.Before development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds of bacterial meningi-tis cases during the first year of life but is still the number oneleading cause of mental retardation in patients who survive seri-ous disease due to permanent central nervous system disorders.What is the microorganism?(a) Haemophilus influenzae type B(b) Haemophilus influenzae type A(c) Neisseria meningitidis(d) Streptococcus pneumoniae(e) Listeria monocytogenesWhy must the top agar be supplemented with maltose? A) Maltose allows for binding of the phage to the E. Coli and aids in the infection process B) Maltose helps stabilize the phage within the media
- 1) What is NDM-1? How can NDM-1 spread to different types of bacteria? 2) Why are Gram negative bacteria so much harder to treat with antibiotics? 3) What is KPC? Where does it live?(a) Why the plasmid (containing the foreign DNA), together with the competentbacterial cells are heated at 42°C? b) What would be the next stage after heat shock? Discuss the process involved.c) How would you analyze the efficiency of the competent cells used duringtransformation?Within six months of effectively using methicillin to treatS. aureus infections in a community, all new S. aureus infectionswere caused by MRSA. How can this best be explained?(A) A patient must have become infected with MRSA fromanother community.(B) In response to the drug, S. aureus began making drugresistant versions of the protein targeted by the drug.(C) Some drug-resistant bacteria were present at the startof treatment, and natural selection increased theirfrequency.(D) S. aureus evolved to resist vaccines
- A suspected pathogen is observed from the blood of a diseased mouse. An investigation of the other mice in the area indicates that it is not present in healthy mice. With Koch's postulates in mind, what is the next step to determine whether or not this suspected pathogen is the cause of disease in the mouse? a) Grow the suspected pathogen in a pure culture Ob) Re-isolate the suspected pathogen and show that it is the same as the original pathogen c) Inoculate a healthy mouse with the suspected pathogen O d) Determine whether the organism in the pure culture is the same one as in the original sample1) Match the antibiotics with their mechanism of action: mechnism of action: 1) nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor 2) Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3) cell membrane disruptor 4) protein synthesis inhibitor 5) folic acid synthesis inhibitorMatch the PAMP to the type of pathogen it is specific to. 1) Peptidoglycan 2) Lipopolysaccharides 3) RNA 4) DNA Here is the options: a) Gram-negative bacteria b) Viruses c) Gram-positive bacteria
- Transfer of resistance to a new family of antimicrobial agents from one strain to another s following a genetic mechanisms? 1) Conjugation 2) Transduction 3) Transformation 4) Transposition 5) RecombinationSp 23 E2.pdf bads/Sp%2023%20E2.pdf Read aloud E R x + + of 4 Q D 29) The life cycle of the virus that infects bacteria and allows the bacteria to survive is called: a) Phagic b) Recombinant c) lytic d) parasitic e) lysogenic 30) The enzyme present in the human immune virus which must be injected with the genetic material is called: a) Reverse Translatase b) Reverse Replicase c) Reverse Transcriptase d) Reverse Polymerase e) Retro Virase 31) If the electron donor for bacterial nutrient uptake is coming from H₂S then this mode of electron uptake is called: a) Electromotive trophy b) Electro-osmosis c) Lithotroph d) Heterotroph e) none of the above 32) The life cycle of the virus that infects bacteria and destroys the bacterial cell membrane: a) Phagic b) Cytotic c) Apoptotic d) lytic e) lysogenic. 3 33) If an organism feeds on dead or dying organisms that this mode of feeding is called: a) Heterotroph b) Chemoheterotroph c) Chemolithoautroph d) Chemolithoorganotroph e) Saprobic 34) One…http://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=3&brch=73&sim=1628&cnt=1 Explain how the Kirby-Bauer method relies on diffusion of antibiotics