Describe the progression of cancer from an early benign lesion to a genetically heterogeneous malignant tumour and how this knowledge is used to design current and future antineoplastic treatments
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Describe the progression of cancer from an early benign lesion to a genetically heterogeneous malignant tumour and how this knowledge is used to design current and future antineoplastic treatments
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- Briefly summarize the conventional wisdom (DNA mutation theory) of the cause of cancer. Discuss the treatments and side effects of these treatments that are based on the DNA mutation theory.Discuss the purpose and role of the various treatment modalities in the management of cancerDescribe the progression of cancer from an early benign lesion to a genetically heterogeneous malignant tumour and how this knowledge is used to design current and future antineoplastic treatments can you please give this in maximum detail as i am trying to understand this in extensive detail
- Name the six fundamental properties of malignant tumours. Which of these properties are amenable to study in a cell culture model of cancer and why?Surgery remains a mainstay in the treatment of many forms of cancer, but it is no longer used in diagnosis due to the risks associated with surgery and improved nonsurgical diagnostic methods. True FalseFor many years, targeted therapies for cancer treatment continue to be developed, however more and more patients are developing resistance to targeted therapies. Discuss one mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies for cancer and provide an example of how might creatively combat it using clinical concepts.
- Explain Three mechanisms for viral induction of cancer.1. Describe & explain the pathophysiology of cancer based on the diagram. Reference: https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/cancer-etiology-pathophysiology-types-diagnosis-and- treatment/ Acquired (environmental) DNA damaging agents: • chemical • radiation viruses Activation of growth- promoting oncogenes NORMAL CELL DNA Damage Failure of DNA repair Mutations in the genome of somatic cells Alteration of genes that regulate apoptosis Malignant neoplasm / Successful DNA repair CANCER Inherited mutations: • Genes affecting DNA repair • Genes affecting cell growth Expression of altered gene products and loss of regulatory gene products Inactivation of cancer suppresor genes Clonal expansion Additional mutations (progression) T HeterogeneityPick one initial of TNM cancer staging and identify what the different stages are and what they mean.
- Explain the following characteristics of an ideal tumor marker • Specificity for a single type of cancer • High sensitivity and specificity for cancerous growth • Correlation of marker level with tumor size • Homogeneous (i.e., minimal post-translational modifications) • Short half-life in circulationWhat are the underlying biological mechanisms that differentiate the various types of cancer, and how can a better understanding of these mechanisms lead to more targeted and effective treatments for each specific type of cancer?Tissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain the difference between an oncogenic and a tumour suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the onset of cancer