Briefly describe the change in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and the brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism during the winter/hibernating season (Oct-Feb). Using the figure above and the relationship between the BAT metabolism and the BAT mass during the winter/hibernating season (Oct-Feb), what can you conclude about the role of the brown adipose tissue (BAT)
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Briefly describe the change in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and the brown adipose tissue (BAT)
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- Fructose and glucose are both monosaccharides, but the body metabolizesthese sugars differently. For example, glucose stimulates insulin releasefrom the pancreas (see section 28.4); fructose does not. Moreover, insulinstimulates leptin release. Finally, fructose is more likely than glucose tobe converted to fat. Use this information to propose an explanation for thecorrelation between the skyrocketing consumption of high fructose cornsyrup since 1970 and the rise in obesity during the same period.In the absence of oxygen, cells consume glucoseat a high, steady rate. When oxygen is added, glucose con-sumption drops precipitously and is then maintained atthe lower rate. Why is glucose consumed at a high rate inthe absence of oxygen and at a low rate in its presence?Only nine species of existing land mammals grow to adult bodyweights over 1000 kg (1 megagram). All are herbivores thatemploy fermentative digestion. These “megaherbivores” are thetwo species of elephants, the five species of rhinos, the commonhippo, and the giraffe. What are the metabolic pros and cons ofsuch large size? Can you suggest why no terrestrial carnivoresachieve such large size?
- A 70-kg adult human (154 lb) could meet his orher entire energy needs for one day by eating 3 moles ofglucose (540 g). (We do not recommend this.) Each mol-ecule of glucose generates 30 molecules of ATP when it isoxidized to CO2. The concentration of ATP is maintained incells at about 2 mM, and a 70-kg adult has about 25 litersof intracellular fluid. Given that the ATP concentrationremains constant in cells, calculate how many times perday, on average, each ATP molecule in the body is hydro-lyzed and resynthesized.We have described the molecule ATP as the body’s energystorehouse. What do we mean by this designation? Howdoes ATP actually store energy and provide it to the bodyas needed?A deer eats 25kg of herbaceous material per day. The herbaceous material is approximately 20% dry matter(DM) and has an energy content of 10MJ. (kg DM^-1). Of the total energy ingested per day, 25% is excreted as undigested material. Of the 75% that is digested, 80% is lost to metabolic waste products and heat. The remaining 20% is converted to body tissue. How many MJ are converted to tissue on daily basis? Calculate the percentage of energy consumed that is converted to body tissue. Draw a schematic of energy balance.
- Mr. Kuda weights 200 pounds and is determined to lose weight. He hasbeen on a fat free diet - a diet that only restricts lipid intake but has no limitson other macromolecules. Mr. Kuda has been on this diet for 6 weeks andhe has not noticed any weight loss at all. He wonders if this diet wouldwork if he goes on it for a longer period of time.He reasons that a liter (about a quart) of water weighs 1000 g, whichis equivalent to 580,000 cal, or 580 kcal, of heat when lost as sweat.Therefore, instead of reducing his diet by 580 kcal/day, he believesthat losing a liter of sweat every day in the sauna will cause him tolose about a pound of fat a week. Will this approach work? Explain.Under starvation conditions, death usually occurs before thebody’s energy reserves are totally exhausted. Suggest areason for this phenomenon.
- Thermoregulation is the process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about Thermoregulation ? Lütfen birini seçin: O a. Endothermic animals generate heat by metabolism O b. Ectothermic animals gain heat from external sources O c. In general, ectotherms tolerate greater variation in internal temperature, while endotherms are active at a greater range of external temperatures O d. Ectothermy is more energetically expensive than endothermyThe information of Subject A is as follows Gender Age Height WeightFemale 28 160cm 153lb (a) Define basal metabolism. Estimate the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) of Subject A (state how you estimate it). (b) Calculate the Body mass index (BMI) of Subject A. What is the weight classification of Subject A? Based on the BMI calculated, give detailed recommendations for this subject to become healthier and explain. (c) Subject A chose to have stir-fried beef & spinach for her lunch to increase the iron intake and thus lower the risk of iron deficiency. Suggest why she will choose this dish? (Support the answer with data). Explain if there is any difference between the iron source in beef and spinach.Diabetes is a complex set of metabolic diseases with thecommon symptom of an inability to transport glucose intotarget cells (muscle cells and adipocytes). The body compensates in part by degrading muscle protein to generate energy.Explain how this process works.