7. Let's suppose that two genes, A and B, are 18 map units apart along the same chromosome. A cross was made between an AAbb and aaBB individuals to produce AaBb F1 offspring. The F1 offspring were then crossed to aabb individuals to yield an F2 generation. What would be the genotype(s) of F2 offspring that carry recombinant chromosomes? (Note: recombinant chromosomes are the product of crossing over). What percentage of F2 offspring would be Aabb?
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- In your own words, explain why a testcross cannot produce more than 50% recombinant offspring. When a testcross does produce 50% recombinant offspring, what does this result mean?Could you have generated a chromosome map from the F2 progeny in cross 1 (assuming you crossed F1 males and females to each other to generate the F2)? What is the advantage of using cross 2 instead?You continue your experiments with the black mutation on chromosome II. You cross the reciprocal translocation strain to the black pure line to generate F, flies that are both translocation heterozygotes and Bb heterozygotes. As before, you testcross F¡ males and females in two separate experiments. F1 males x pure black females (Note: There is no crossing over in the F1 males.) F, females x pure black males (Note: Crossing over may occur in the F, females.) Cross 424 black, fully fertile 426 wild-type, semi-sterile 73 black, semi-sterile 77 wild-type, fully fertile 1/2 black, fully fertile 1/2 wild-type, semi-sterile F2 Progeny What can you conclude from these results? Select the three correct statements. The F2 progeny in both experiments contain recombinants. The F2 progeny contain recombinants only when F, females are testcrossed. None of the F2 progeny classes require crossing over. Some of the F2 progeny classes require crossing over; others do not. Chromosome Il is one of the…
- 3) Below are two homologous chromosomes. The top chromosome has suffered a double-strand break. Fortunately, it can use the intact homologous chromosome as a template and initiate homologous recombination to repair the break. Draw both possible repair products (crossover and non-crossover). Make sure to clearly label the alleles of the genes labeled. R R d r dTwo genes, A and B, are 10 map units apart along the same chromosome. A cross was made between AAbb and aaBB individuals to produce AaBb F1 offspring. The F1 offspring were then crossed to aabb individuals to yield an F2 generation. What would be the genotype(s) of F2 offspring that carry recombinant chromosomes? (Note: recombinant chromosomes are the product of crossing over). What percentage of F2 offspring would be Aabb?n corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of the corn plants (i.e the tassel) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile corn plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male sterile lines sing the cardboard chips, simulate the crosses indicated below. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings in each cross, and properly label the nucleus and the cytoplasm of each individual in the cross Legend male sterile cytoplasm Male fertile cytoplasm FF nucleus Ff nucleus ff nucleus A. Male sterile female x FF male Explain the phenotype of the offspring B. Male sterile female x Ff male Explain the phenotype of the offspring
- Figure 13.4 Which of the following statements is true? Recombination of the body color and red/ cinnabar eye alleles will occur more frequently than recombination of the alleles for wing length and aristae length. Recombination of the body color and aristae length alleles will occur more frequently than recombination of red/brown eye alleles and the aristae length alleles. Recombination of the gray/black body color and long/short aristae alleles will not occur. Recombination of the red/brown eye and long/short aristae alleles will occur more frequently than recombination of the alleles for wing length and body color.A colleague e-mails you saying that she has identified an interesting chromosome variation at 21q13. In discussing this discovery with a friend who is not a cytogeneticist, explain how you would describe this location, defining each term in the chromosome address 21q13.Researchers have discovered that some regions of chromosomesare much more likely than others to cross over. We might callsuch a region a “hot spot” for crossing over. Let’s suppose thattwo genes, gene A and gene B, are 5,000,000 bp apart on thesame chromosome. Genes A and B are in a hot spot for crossingover. Two other genes, let’s call them gene C and gene D, are also5,000,000 bp apart but are not in a hot spot for crossing over. Ifwe conducted two-factor crosses to compute the map distancebetween genes A and B and other two-factor crosses to compute themap distance between genes C and D, would the calculated mapdistance between A and B be the same as that between C and D? Explain.
- Are two genes linked if not linked to the same marker on a chromosome.? Let's say we want to figure out whether two genes are linked on a particular chromosome so we cross-test them to a marker gene on that chromosome. Gene A is found to have an approximate 50% recombinant frequency so we say it's not linked to the marker. The other gene B however is found to have 40% recombinant frequency with our marker so we say it's linked. Now the question is are the two Genes A and B linked or not? Please explain your reasoning.1. Which changes in chromosome structure cause a change in the total amount of genetic material, and which do not? 2. How does a chromosomal duplication occur? 3. An inversion heterozygote has the following inverted chromosome: B What would be the products if a crossover occurred between the genes F and E on the inverted chromosome and the normal chromosome? 4. An individual has the following reciprocal translocation: с D Centromere A B JI HGF ED CKLM Inverted region с D What would be the outcome of alternate segregation, adjacent -1 segregation and adjacent-2 segregation? 5. Two phenotypically unaffected parents produce two children with familial Down syndrome. Regarding chromosome 14 and 21, what are the chromosomal composition of the parents? 6. Explain how aneuploidy, deletions and duplications cause genetic imbalances. 7. Why do you think that deletions and monosomies are more detrimental than duplications and trisomies? 8. Describe some of the advantages of polyploid plants. 9.…In letter B: If the map distance equals the number of recombinant/total of offspring, wouldn't it be 24/806 x 100? Wouldn't we add both recombinants? Can you explain letter C? I don't grasp that concept well. And since I'm using my question already, would you be able to answer D. Thank you!