Calcium carbide, CaC2,contains the acetylide ion, C22-.Sketch the molecular orbital energy'level diagram for the ion and the electron dot strucure. (a) How many net σ and π bonds does the ion have? (b) What is the carbon-carbon bond order? (c) Compare the valence bond and MO pictures with regard to the number of σ and π bonds and the bond order. (d) How has the bond order changed on adding electrons to C2 to obtain C22-? (e) Is the C22- ion paramagnetic?

Calcium carbide, CaC2,contains the acetylide ion, C22-.Sketch the molecular orbital energy'level diagram for the ion and the electron dot strucure. (a) How many net σ and π bonds does the ion have? (b) What is the carbon-carbon bond order? (c) Compare the valence bond and MO pictures with regard to the number of σ and π bonds and the bond order. (d) How has the bond order changed on adding electrons to C2 to obtain C22-? (e) Is the C22- ion paramagnetic?

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079373

Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Publisher:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Chapter7: Covalent Bonding

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 76QAP: In each of the following molecules, a central atom is surrounded by a total of three atoms or...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

If an electron is removed from a fluorine molecule, an F+2molecular ion forms.(a) Give the molecular electron configurations for F2 and F+2 (for the MOs constructed from valence AOs).(b) Give the bond order of each species.(c) Predict which species should be paramagnetic.(d) Predict which species has the greater bond dissociation energy.
Consider the reaction BF3 + NH3 -> F3B-NH3 (a) Describe the changes in hybridization of the B and N atoms as a result of this reaction. (b) Describe the shapes of all the reactant molecules with their bond angles. (c) Draw the overall shape of the product molecule and identify the bond angles around B and N atoms. (d) What is the name of the bond between B and N. (e)Describe the bonding orbitals that make the B and F, B and N & N and H bonds in the product molecule.
When one electron is added to an oxygen molecule, a superoxide ion (Oz) is formed. The addition of two elec- trons gives a peroxide ion (Oź ). Removal of an electron from O, leads to Ož. (a) Construct the correlation diagram for Oz. (b) Give the valence electron configuration for each of the following species: Ož, O2, 0z, 03 . (c) Give the bond order of each species. (d) Predict which species are paramagnetic. (e) Predict the order of increasing bond dissociation energy among the species.
Consider the Lewis structure shown below. (a) Does the Lewis structure depict a neutral molecule or anion? If it is an ion, what is the charge on the ion? (b) What hybridizationis exhibited by each of the carbon atoms? (c) Arethere multiple equivalent resonance structures for the species?(d) How many electrons are in the π system of the species?
The structure of caffeine is shown below. (a) Complete the Lewis structure. (b) How many pi bonds are present in caffeine? How many sigma bonds? (c) Identify the hybridization of the carbon atoms. (d) What is the value of the O-C-N angle?
The sulfate ion can be represented with four S—O bonds orwith two S—O and two S=O bonds. (a) Which representation is better from the stand point of formal charges? (b) What is theshape of the sulfate ion, and what hybrid orbitals of S are postu-lated for the σ bonding? (c) In view of the answer to part (b),what orbitals of S must be used for the π bonds? What orbitalsof O? (d) Draw a diagram to show how one atomic orbital fromS and one from O overlap to form a π bond.
Determine the electron configurations for CN+, CN, andCN-. (a) Which species has the strongest C¬N bond?(b) Which species, if any, has unpaired electrons?
The lactic acid molecule, CH3CH(OH)COOH, gives sourmilk its unpleasant, sour taste. (a) Draw the Lewis structurefor the molecule, assuming that carbon always forms fourbonds in its stable compounds. (b) How many π and howmany σ bonds are in the molecule? (c) Which CO bond isshortest in the molecule? (d) What is the hybridization ofatomic orbitals around the carbon atom associated withthat short bond? (e) What are the approximate bond anglesaround each carbon atom in the molecule?
Mothballs are composed of naphthalene, C10H8, a moleculethat consists of two six-membered rings of carbonfused along an edge, as shown in this incomplete Lewisstructure:(a) Draw all of the resonance structures of naphthalene.How many are there? (b) Do you expect the C¬C bondlengths in the molecule to be similar to those of C¬Csingle bonds, C“C double bonds, or intermediate betweenC¬C single and C“C double bonds? (c) Not allof the C¬C bond lengths in naphthalene are equivalent.Based on your resonance structures, how many C¬Cbonds in the molecule do you expect to be shorter thanthe others?
Propylene, C3H6, is a gas that is used to form the importantpolymer called polypropylene. Its Lewis structure is given. (a) What is the total number of valence electrons in the propylenemolecule? (b) How many valence electrons are usedto make σ bonds in the molecule? (c) How many valenceelectrons are used to make π bonds in the molecule? (d) Howmany valence electrons remain in nonbonding pairs in themolecule? (e) What is the hybridization at each carbon atomin the molecule?
(a) Methane (CH4) and the perchlorate ion (ClO4- ) are bothdescribed as tetrahedral. What does this indicate about theirbond angles? (b) The NH3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, while BF3 is trigonal planar. Which of these molecules is flat?
The lactic acid molecule, CH3CH1OH2COOH, gives sourmilk its unpleasant, sour taste. (a) Draw the Lewis structurefor the molecule, assuming that carbon always forms fourbonds in its stable compounds. (b) How many p and howmany s bonds are in the molecule? (c) Which CO bond isshortest in the molecule? (d) What is the hybridization ofatomic orbitals around the carbon atom associated withthat short bond? (e) What are the approximate bond anglesaround each carbon atom in the molecule?