Explain the ways that mitochondria resemble rickettsias and chloroplasts resemble cyanobacteria.
To analyse:
The similarities that mitochondria have with rickettsias and those that chloroplasts have with cyanobacteria.
Introduction:
According to the endosymbiotic theory, eukaryotic cells developed from prokaryotic cells when smaller prokaryotes were engulfed by larger ones. These engulfed cells gradually attained the ability to survive and reproduce within the host. Over millions of years, these smaller prokaryotes became organelles of the bigger cell and thus, eukaryotes were formed. This theory is supported by striking similarities between some prokaryotes and organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Explanation of Solution
Mitochondria and rickettsias have a lot of structural and functional similarity. Rickettsias are obligate parasites and are unable to survive outside the body of a host. Likewise, mitochondria are also functional only as a part of a eukaryotic cell. Mitochondria divide independently of the cell, possess prokaryotic ribosomes and contain a circular DNA strand, pointing to their origin from a prokaryote like rickettsia.
Similarly, a lot of similarities exist between cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. Both of these have pigments like chlorophyll inside. The structure of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria is also quite similar.
Due to striking structural and functional similarities, mitochondria are thought to have evolved from rickettsias and chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from cyanobacteria.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
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