A 2.0 kg metal block (c = 0.137 cal/g • °C) is heated from 15 °C to 90 °C. By how much does its internal energy change?
The change in internal energy of
Answer to Problem 21SP
Solution:
Explanation of Solution
Given data:
Mass of the metal block is
Temperature changes from
Specific heat of the metal block is
Formula used:
First law of thermodynamics:
Here,
Write the expression for heat gain or loss if a body or substance undergoes temperature changes;
Here,
Explanation:
Calculate the change in temperature:
Recall the expression for heat required to raise the temperature:
Substitute
There isnot any movement in the metal block. Therefore, the work done by or on the system is zero.
Recall the expression of first law of thermodynamics:
Substitute
Conclusion:
The change in internal energy of the given metal block is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Schaum's Outline of College Physics, Twelfth Edition (Schaum's Outlines)
- Beryllium has roughly one-half the specific heat of water (H2O). Rank the quantities of energy input required to produce the following changes from the largest to the smallest. In your ranking, note any cases of equality, (a) raising the temperature of 1 kg of H2O from 20C to 26C (b) raising the temperature of 2 kg of H2O from 20C to 23C (c) raising the temperature of 2 kg of H2O from 1C to 4C (d) raising the temperature of 2 kg of beryllium from 1C to 2C (e) raising the temperature of 2 kg of H2O from -1C to 2Carrow_forwardA 220-lb athlete drinks a glass of soda (125 calories) and walks up to the top of a Library Building. What is the change in his internal energy, assuming the only heat transfer is the 125 calories from the soda drink, and the only work done by the athlete is lifting his own weight to the 6th floor? Assume 3m per floor.arrow_forwardIn a solar water heater, energy from the Sun is gathered by water that circulates through tubes in a rooftop collector. The solar radiation enters the collector through a transparent cover and warms the water in the tubes; this water is pumped into a holding tank. Assume that the efficiency of the overall system is 12.0% (that is, 88% of the incident solar energy is lost from the system). What collector area is necessary to raise the temperature of 450 L of water in the tank from 19°C to 36°C in 2.5 h when the intensity of incident sunlight is 480 W/m2? The specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg-K. The density of water is 1.00 g/cm. 13 Number Unitsarrow_forward
- A room has a pine ceiling [ k = 0.12 W/(m•C°) ] that measures 3.0 m 4.0 m 2.0 cm. On a cold day, the temperature inside the room is 20°C, and the temperature in the attic above is 8°C. If 6.0 cm of glass wool insulation [ k = 0.042 W/(m•C°) ] were put in above the ceiling, how much energy would be saved in one hour? Please use gresa methodarrow_forwardWhat will be the final temperature if 4.0x10^4 J of heat is transferred to a 1.5kg block of aluminum initially at 15°C? The specific heat capacity of aluminum is 9.0x10^2 J/kg•°C.arrow_forwardA piece of iron block moves across a rough horizontal surface before coming to rest. The mass of the block is 3.30 kg, and its initial speed is 2.70 m/s. How much does the block's temperature increase, if it absorbs 75% of its initial kinetic energy as internal energy? The specific heat of iron is 452 J/(kg · °C).arrow_forward
- A piece of iron block moves across a rough horizontal surface before coming to rest. The mass of the block is 2.8 kg, and its initial speed is 2.0 m/s. How much does the block's temperature increase, if it absorbs 77% of its initial kinetic energy as internal energy? The specific heat of iron is 452 J/(kg · °C). °Carrow_forwardA cylinder containing an ideal gas a volume of 2.6 m^3 and a pressure of 1.5 x 10^5 Pa at a temp of 300 K. The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is maintained at 900 K and the gas expands as the pressure remains constant until the temperature of the gas reaches 900 K. The change in internal energy of the gas is +6.0 x 10^5 J. how much heat did the gas absorb?arrow_forwardA weightlifter drinks a protein shake that contains 2.00 × 10² Calories. She then performs multiple repetitions on the bench press and does 2.75 x 105 J of work. After her workout, her net change in internal energy is +1.50 × 105 J. During her workout, she loses heat to the environment, which results in the vaporization of perspiration from the surface of her skin. What mass of water did she lose due to perspiration? Assume the latent heat of vaporization of the perspiration is 2.42 x 106 J/kg. Number Unitsarrow_forward
- A 0.0800 kg sample of a gas is heated from 25 °C to 225 °C. During this process, 340 J of work is done by the gas and its internal energy increases by 9430 J. How much heat is transferred to the gas? Q = J What is the specific heat of the gas for this process? J/(kg · K) c =arrow_forwardHow much internal energy in Joule is generated when a (1.6100x10^1)-g lead bullet, traveling at (4.40x10^2) m/s, comes to a stop as it strikes a metal plate? Give your answer with three significant figures.arrow_forwardThe air temperature above coastal areas is profoundly influenced by the large specific heat of water. One reason is that the energy released when 1 cubic meter of water cools by 1.0°C will raise the temperature of an enormously larger volume of air by 1.0°C. Estimate that volume of air. The specific heat of air is approximately 1.0 kJ/kg ? °C. Take the density of air to be 1.3 kg/m3.arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning